The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes who reports diaphoresis and palpitations. A blood glucose check reveals a level of 55 mg/dL. What is the nurse's immediate intervention?

Choice A reason: A hard, rigid abdomen and herniation of the umbilicus are not typical findings in ulcerative colitis. These symptoms may indicate other abdominal conditions such as hernia or peritonitis, but are not specific to ulcerative colitis.

Choice B reason: Pallor, anemia, and fatigue are consistent with ulcerative colitis due to chronic blood loss and inflammation. These symptoms indicate the body's response to ongoing disease activity and nutritional deficiencies.

Choice C reason: Abdominal cramping and passing of six or more liquid stools per day are hallmark symptoms of ulcerative colitis. These symptoms reflect active inflammation in the colon, leading to frequent and urgent bowel movements.

Choice D reason: Dehydration, vomiting, and weight loss are also consistent with ulcerative colitis, especially during severe flare-ups. These symptoms result from the body's inability to absorb nutrients and fluids properly due to inflammation.

Choice E reason: Free air in the peritoneum and bowel dilation on abdominal x-ray are more indicative of a perforation or obstruction, which are potential but severe complications of ulcerative colitis. These findings would require immediate medical attention.

Choice A reason: Administering intravenous normal saline at 300 mL/hour is the appropriate initial intervention for a patient presenting with a hyperglycemic emergency. Fluid replacement is crucial to correct dehydration and improve circulatory volume, which will help improve renal perfusion and facilitate the excretion of excess glucose and ketones.

Choice B reason: Administering regular insulin 20 units subcutaneously is not the immediate priority. Intravenous insulin is preferred in a hyperglycemic emergency to ensure rapid and effective lowering of blood glucose levels.

Choice C reason: Starting a bicarbonate infusion intravenously is not indicated unless there is severe acidosis (pH < 7.0) or the patient is in shock. The pH of 7.20, while low, can typically be corrected with fluid and insulin therapy.

Choice D reason: Administering potassium chloride 40 mEq orally is not necessary at this point. The potassium level of 3.6 mEq/L is within the normal range, and potassium should be monitored and replaced as needed during ongoing treatment, especially when insulin therapy is initiated.