The nurse is conducting a research study on the effects of back massage on older adults. Baseline pulse and blood pressure measurements are obtained for each subject. One-half of the subjects receive a back massage, and the other half does not. Three sets of blood pressure and pulse measurements are taken on all subjects following the back massage received by one-half of the subjects. Ten minutes are spent with each subject while taking these measurements.
What is the independent variable?
Older adults.
Back massage.
Blood pressure and pulse measurements.
Time spent with each client.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice B rationale:
Back massage. Rationale: In an experimental design, the independent variable is the one that is manipulated or changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this study, one group of subjects receives a back massage, while the other group does not. Therefore, the independent variable is the administration of a back massage.
Choice A rationale:
Older adults. Rationale: Older adults are the population being studied, but they are not the variable being manipulated in the experiment. They are a part of the study's population.
Choice C rationale:
Blood pressure and pulse measurements. Rationale: Blood pressure and pulse measurements are the dependent variables in this study. They are being measured to assess the effect of the independent variable (back massage) on these physiological parameters.
Choice D rationale:
Time spent with each client. Rationale: The time spent with each client is not the variable being manipulated in the experiment. It may be a controlled variable or a factor that is observed but not manipulated.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
This is the correct answer. A cross-sectional study design involves collecting data from a sample of participants at a single point in time. In this case, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of each child in one school was measured one time at the end of a school year, making it a cross-sectional study.
Choice B rationale:
A quasi-experimental design typically involves an intervention or treatment, which is not described in this scenario. Quasi-experimental studies also often involve multiple measurements over time.
Choice C rationale:
Comparative studies typically involve comparing two or more groups or conditions but may include multiple measurements over time. The scenario describes a single measurement at the end of the school year.
Choice D rationale:
A prospective study typically involves following participants over time, collecting data at multiple points in the future. This scenario involves a single measurement at one point in time.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
Before the study methodology is actually implemented. Rationale: Seeking approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) should occur before the study methodology is implemented. IRB approval is necessary to ensure that the study design and procedures meet ethical standards and protect the rights and well-being of research participants. It's a crucial step in the research process and should be obtained before data collection begins.
Choice A rationale:
During the time that the study assumptions are being described. Rationale: While it's important to describe study assumptions during the planning phase, seeking IRB approval is a more critical step that should precede actual data collection.
Choice C rationale:
Just before the findings are disseminated. Rationale: Waiting until just before findings are disseminated is too late to seek IRB approval. IRB approval should be obtained before data collection begins to ensure that the study is conducted ethically.
Choice D rationale:
As soon as a list of potential research problems is identified. Rationale: Seeking IRB approval at the stage of identifying research problems is premature. IRB approval is typically sought when the research design and methodology are well-defined and ready for implementation.
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