The nurse is conducting a research study on the effects of back massage on older adults. Baseline pulse and blood pressure measurements are obtained for each subject. One-half of the subjects receive a back massage, and the other half does not. Three sets of blood pressure and pulse measurements are taken on all subjects following the back massage received by one-half of the subjects. Ten minutes are spent with each subject while taking these measurements.
What is the independent variable?
Older adults.
Back massage.
Blood pressure and pulse measurements.
Time spent with each client.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice B rationale:
Back massage. Rationale: In an experimental design, the independent variable is the one that is manipulated or changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this study, one group of subjects receives a back massage, while the other group does not. Therefore, the independent variable is the administration of a back massage.
Choice A rationale:
Older adults. Rationale: Older adults are the population being studied, but they are not the variable being manipulated in the experiment. They are a part of the study's population.
Choice C rationale:
Blood pressure and pulse measurements. Rationale: Blood pressure and pulse measurements are the dependent variables in this study. They are being measured to assess the effect of the independent variable (back massage) on these physiological parameters.
Choice D rationale:
Time spent with each client. Rationale: The time spent with each client is not the variable being manipulated in the experiment. It may be a controlled variable or a factor that is observed but not manipulated.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
A retrospective 30-day chart audit that identifies the frequency of narcotic administration to clients one day following surgery. Rationale: This research design may involve unethical practices, as it could potentially involve accessing and auditing patient records without proper consent and may compromise patient confidentiality. It also raises ethical concerns about privacy and data protection.
Choice A rationale:
A qualitative study comparing responses of African-American and Caucasian clients about the levels of pain they experienced on their first postoperative day. Rationale: This qualitative study does not inherently involve unethical practices. Ethical considerations would depend on how the study is conducted, including obtaining informed consent and ensuring participant confidentiality.
Choice C rationale:
A quantitative, experimental design study used to detect pain level differences of groups receiving IM or PCA narcotics and a control group receiving placebos. Rationale: This quantitative experimental design does not inherently involve unethical practices. Ethical considerations would depend on how the study is conducted, including obtaining informed consent and ensuring participant safety.
Choice D rationale:
A prospective study that compares female and male clients' responses about their expectations of postoperative pain. Rationale: This prospective study does not inherently involve unethical practices. Ethical considerations would depend on how the study is conducted, including obtaining informed consent and ensuring participant confidentiality.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The review of the literature section provides an overview of existing research and background information related to the study's topic. It does not typically present study findings or results.
Choice B rationale:
The methodology section outlines the research methods, design, and procedures used in the study but does not present the study's actual findings.
Choice C rationale:
This is the correct answer. The sentence, "Distress after a natural disaster was high at 3 months and decreased monthly for a majority of the participants, although one-third of the survivors had higher distress at 13 months than at 3 months," appears in the results section. This section is dedicated to presenting the study's empirical findings and data.
Choice D rationale:
The discussion section is where researchers interpret and discuss the implications of their study's findings. It does not typically present the actual findings or data.
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