A group of students at a university volunteered to participate in a study of attitudes about their personal safety.
The day before the study began, the nation experienced the 9/11 terrorism attacks. What statement is accurate regarding the event associated with this study?
The study should have been postponed for six months to distance the subjects from the 9/11 events.
The study subjects should have been instructed to disregard feelings about 9/11 when completing surveys.
The study should have been abandoned because the attacks of 9/11 compromised the study's reliability.
The authors should have reported the 9/11 events as a threat to the study's internal validity.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale:
Postponing the study for six months would not necessarily resolve the impact of the 9/11 events on the study's participants. It may also introduce other confounding factors related to the delay.
Choice B rationale:
Instructing study subjects to disregard their feelings about 9/11 may not be feasible or effective, as traumatic events can have a lasting impact on individuals' psychological well-being and attitudes.
Choice C rationale:
Abandoning the study due to the 9/11 events may not be necessary, but it is essential to acknowledge and address the potential influence of external events on the study's internal validity.
Choice D rationale:
This is the correct answer. The authors should have reported the 9/11 events as a potential threat to the study's internal validity, as they could have introduced confounding variables or influenced the participants' responses. By acknowledging this, researchers can provide transparency about potential limitations and their efforts to control for them.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
Experimental. Rationale: An increase in the number of subjects during the study is a characteristic of an experimental design. Experimental studies often involve the random assignment of subjects into groups and can include adding or recruiting more subjects as the study progresses to increase statistical power.
Choice A rationale:
Quantitative. Rationale: Quantitative research encompasses various research designs, including experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental. The increase in the number of subjects alone does not specify the design as quantitative; it's more related to the experimental aspect.
Choice C rationale:
Quasi-experimental. Rationale: Quasi-experimental designs are similar to experimental designs but lack randomization. The increase in the number of subjects during the study is not a defining characteristic of quasi-experimental designs.
Choice D rationale:
Qualitative. Rationale: Qualitative research focuses on understanding and interpreting experiences, perceptions, and phenomena rather than experimenting with variables or increasing the number of subjects during a study. The increase in subjects is not indicative of a qualitative design.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice C rationale:
Phenomenological study of hardiness of clients with terminal diseases. Rationale: Qualitative research methodologies, such as phenomenology, are often used to explore and understand the lived experiences, perceptions, and meanings that individuals attach to specific phenomena. In this case, a phenomenological study is the most suitable approach to explore the "hardiness" (a subjective and experiential concept) of clients with terminal diseases.
Choice A rationale:
Descriptive study on coping mechanisms employed by family caregivers. Rationale: Descriptive studies typically aim to provide a comprehensive overview or description of a particular phenomenon. While this could involve qualitative data, the focus is on describing rather than deeply exploring subjective experiences, which is more aligned with quantitative methods.
Choice B rationale:
Prospective study on the long-term effects of chronic fatigue syndrome. Rationale: Prospective studies typically involve the collection of quantitative data over time to assess outcomes and relationships. Long-term effects of chronic fatigue syndrome may require quantitative measurements rather than in-depth exploration of experiences.
Choice D rationale:
Epidemiological study regarding AIDS infection rates in a community. Rationale: Epidemiological studies are primarily quantitative and aim to investigate patterns and determinants of disease in populations. This approach does not typically involve qualitative methods.
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