The nurse is developing a care plan for a 68-year-old African American male who was recently diagnosed with hypertension.
Which human dimension do age, race, gender, and genetic inheritance exemplify?

Choice A rationale:
Impaired cognitive and motor function:
Anesthesia and analgesic medications used during surgery can significantly impair cognitive and motor skills, even if the patient feels alert and capable. These effects can last for several hours or even days after the procedure, making it unsafe for the patient to drive.
Studies have shown that reaction time, judgment, coordination, and visual acuity can be significantly impaired following surgery, even in patients who report feeling normal.
Driving under the influence of these medications poses a serious risk of accidents and injuries, both to the patient and other road users.
Risk of postoperative complications:
Postoperative complications, such as bleeding, nausea, vomiting, pain, or dizziness, can occur unexpectedly and may require immediate attention.
Driving while experiencing these complications can be extremely dangerous and could delay necessary medical intervention.

It's crucial for the patient to have a responsible adult present to monitor their condition and seek medical assistance if needed. Legal and liability considerations:
Many healthcare facilities have strict policies prohibiting patients from driving after surgery due to liability concerns.
If a patient were to be involved in an accident while driving after surgery, the facility could be held liable for not ensuring the patient's safety and preventing them from driving.
Choice B rationale:
Inadequate guidance: Simply stating that no specific information is necessary fails to address the potential risks associated with driving after surgery.
Patient safety: It's the nurse's responsibility to provide clear and comprehensive discharge instructions that prioritize patient safety.
Omission of crucial information: Omitting information about transportation could lead to misunderstandings and potentially unsafe actions by the patient.
Choice C rationale:
Unreliable self-assessment: Relying on the patient's self-assessment of dizziness is not a reliable method to determine their fitness to drive.
Residual effects of medication: Patients may not fully perceive the subtle effects of anesthesia and medications on their cognitive and motor skills.
Potential for delayed impairment: Symptoms such as dizziness or drowsiness could manifest later, even if the patient initially feels well.
Choice D rationale:
Age not a sole determinant: While age can be a factor in driving ability, it's not the sole determinant of fitness to drive after surgery.
Individual differences: Patients of any age can experience cognitive and motor impairment following surgery.
Oversimplification of risks: This choice inaccurately suggests that only individuals under 25 are at risk, potentially leading to unsafe decisions by older patients.

Choice A rationale:
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of diseases or conditions to prevent complications or progression. It does not involve education about health promotion activities like exercise.
Examples of secondary prevention include:
Screening for cancer (e.g., mammograms, colonoscopies)
Regular blood pressure checks
Immunizations
Taking medications to manage chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension)
Choice B rationale:
Restorative care aims to restore function and quality of life after an illness or injury. It does not encompass health education strategies like the nurse's action in this scenario.
Examples of restorative care include:
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy
Rehabilitation programs
Choice C rationale:

Tertiary prevention focuses on managing existing diseases or conditions to prevent further complications and improve quality of life. It's not applicable to this scenario as no disease or condition is being managed.
Examples of tertiary prevention include:
Cardiac rehabilitation after a heart attack
Diabetes management education
Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic lung disease
Choice D rationale:
Primary prevention targets preventing diseases or conditions from occurring in the first place. It often involves education and lifestyle changes to promote health and wellness.
The nurse's action of educating adolescents about physical exercise aligns with primary prevention. Exercise has proven benefits in:
Reducing the risk of chronic diseases like obesity, heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer Improving mental health and well-being
Promoting bone and muscle health
Enhancing sleep quality
Reducing stress levels
Therefore, the nurse's activity of educating adolescents about exercise represents primary prevention.