The nurse is discussing dietary changes with a patient newly diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism.
Which will the nurse encourage the patient to include in their diet?

Dairy milk.

Eggs.

Spinach.

Green beans.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Dairy milk is a rich source of calcium, which is essential for patients with hypoparathyroidism. This condition leads to low levels of parathyroid hormone, causing hypocalcemia (low calcium levels in the blood). Including calcium-rich foods like dairy milk helps to manage this deficiency and maintain normal calcium levels.

Choice B rationale

Eggs provide some calcium, but their primary nutritional value is their protein content. While beneficial for overall health, eggs alone are not sufficient to address the calcium needs of patients with hypoparathyroidism, who require higher calcium intake.

Choice C rationale

Spinach contains calcium; however, it also has high levels of oxalates, which can bind to calcium and reduce its absorption in the body. Therefore, relying on spinach for calcium intake is not ideal for patients with hypoparathyroidism, who need to maximize calcium absorption to manage their condition effectively.

Choice D rationale

Green beans are nutritious and provide some calcium, but they are not among the top sources of calcium required for managing hypoparathyroidism. Patients with this condition need higher calcium intake from more concentrated sources like dairy products.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Metformin is used to manage diabetes, primarily by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing glucose production in the liver. Levothyroxine, used to treat hypothyroidism, does not significantly impact the action of metformin. The two medications do not have a direct interaction that decreases metformin's efficacy.

Choice B rationale

Levothyroxine can decrease the action of warfarin by increasing the metabolism of clotting factors in the liver, which may reduce the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. This interaction necessitates closer monitoring of INR (International Normalized Ratio) levels and potential dose adjustments of warfarin to maintain its therapeutic effect.

Choice C rationale

Sertraline is an antidepressant that belongs to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. While it can interact with other medications, levothyroxine does not significantly decrease its action. Therefore, no major adjustments are needed when both drugs are prescribed together.

Choice D rationale

Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid, is used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant properties. Levothyroxine does not decrease the action of methylprednisolone. These medications do not have a significant pharmacological interaction that would require adjusting methylprednisolone’s dosage.

A. "You will monitor me for flu-like symptoms during my immunotherapy infusions.” B. "I do not have to worry about losing my hair after this treatment.” C. "Immunotherapy uses my own immune system to help fight the cancer.” D. "This therapy will prevent me from getting hospital-acquired infections.”

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is Choice D.

Choice A rationale

Monitoring for flu-like symptoms during immunotherapy infusions is crucial because these medications can cause cytokine release syndrome. Symptoms like fever, chills, fatigue, and muscle aches are common side effects of immunotherapy and require close monitoring to manage and mitigate adverse reactions.

Choice B rationale

Immunotherapy generally does not cause hair loss, unlike traditional chemotherapy. Hair loss occurs because chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicle cells. Immunotherapy works by enhancing the body's immune response to cancer cells without targeting hair follicles.

Choice C rationale

Immunotherapy leverages the patient's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. It enhances the body's natural defenses by boosting immune system activity or by counteracting signals produced by cancer cells that suppress immune responses.

Choice D rationale

Immunotherapy does not prevent hospital-acquired infections. While it strengthens the immune system against cancer, it does not provide general protection against pathogens causing nosocomial infections. Patients undergoing immunotherapy should still follow standard precautions to avoid infections.

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The nurse is discussing dietary changes with a patient newly diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism.Which will the nurse encourage the patient to include in their diet?

Nursing Test Bank

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The nurse is discussing dietary changes with a patient newly diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism.
Which will the nurse encourage the patient to include in their diet?