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The nurse is educating a client diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse. What education will the nurse need to provide the client about this diagnosis?
Possible Education

Client should increase potassium-rich foods in the diet

Family members of the client should have a cardiac screening

Client should notify the provider if palpitations develop

Female clients should use measures to prevent pregnancy

Client should use caution when taking over-the-counter (OTC) medications

Client should avoid extremely hot or cold environments

Client should be encouraged to quit smoking

Client requires prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures

Client should avoid high amounts of caffeine and alcohol

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,E,G,I

A. Client should increase potassium-rich foods in the diet: Not applicable, as mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is not related to potassium levels.

B. Family members of the client should have a cardiac screening: This is unnecessary unless there is a strong family history of connective tissue disorders associated with MVP.

C. Client should notify the provider if palpitations develop: Palpitations can indicate arrhythmias, which are a possible complication of MVP.

D. Female clients should use measures to prevent pregnancy: Pregnancy is generally not contraindicated in MVP unless there is significant valve regurgitation.

E. Client should use caution when taking OTC medications: Stimulants in OTC drugs, like decongestants, can exacerbate palpitations.

F. Client should avoid extremely hot or cold environments: This is not typically required for MVP.

G. Client should be encouraged to quit smoking: Smoking can exacerbate cardiovascular risks associated with MVP.

H. Client requires prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures: Not recommended unless there is a history of endocarditis or significant valve regurgitation.

I. Client should avoid high amounts of caffeine and alcohol: Both can exacerbate symptoms like palpitations and arrhythmias.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Inability to see objects on one side of the visual field: This describes hemianopsia, not apraxia.

B. Inability to perform a previously learned action: Apraxia is the loss of the ability to perform skilled movements or gestures despite having the desire and physical ability to do so.

C. Inability to repeat a simple sentence: This describes aphasia, specifically expressive or receptive aphasia.

D. Inability to hear from the ear on the affected side: This describes hearing loss, which is unrelated to apraxia.

A. "Brain death has occurred if there is no spontaneous breathing or brainstem reflexes. B. “If respiratory efforts cease and no apical pulse is audible, brain death is present." C. "Brain death has occurred if a person has flaccid muscles and does not awaken. D. “CPR does not restore a heartbeat; the brain cannot function."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. “Brain death has occurred if there is no spontaneous breathing or brainstem reflexes.” Brain death is defined as the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem. The absence of spontaneous breathing and brainstem reflexes (such as pupillary response, gag reflex, and eye movements) are critical criteria used to confirm brain death.

B. “If respiratory efforts cease and no apical pulse is audible, brain death is present.” While the cessation of respiratory efforts is a key component of brain death, the presence or absence of an apical pulse alone is not sufficient for determining brain death. Brain death is determined based on the complete absence of brain function, including brainstem reflexes.

C. “Brain death has occurred if a person has flaccid muscles and does not awaken.” Muscle flaccidity and lack of consciousness may be signs of severe brain injury, but they do not necessarily confirm brain death. Brain death is diagnosed based on the absence of brainstem reflexes and spontaneous breathing.

D. “CPR does not restore a heartbeat, the brain cannot function.” While it is true that CPR may not restore circulation in brain-dead patients, this statement is incomplete and not a precise definition of brain death. Brain death is determined by the irreversible cessation of all brain activity, not just by the failure of CPR to restore circulation.

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The nurse is educating a client diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse. What education will the nurse need to provide the client about this diagnosis? Possible Education

Nursing Test Bank

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The nurse is educating a client diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse. What education will the nurse need to provide the client about this diagnosis?
Possible Education