A patient is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by prerenal factors. Which of the following is most likely to have contributed to this condition?
Severe dehydration
Renal calculi
Polycystic kidney disease
Glomerulonephritis
The Correct Answer is A
(A) Severe Dehydration: Prerenal AKI is caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys. Dehydration leads to hypovolemia, reducing renal perfusion and causing AKI.
(B) Renal Calculi: Postrenal AKI, not prerenal.
(C) Polycystic Kidney Disease: Chronic kidney disease, not acute.
(D) Glomerulonephritis: Intrarenal AKI, due to direct kidney damage
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
(A) Lethargy: More common in hypercalcemia.
(B) Hypertension: Hypocalcemia is more likely to cause hypotension due to reduced contractility.
(C) Bone Pain: More common in hypercalcemia due to bone resorption.
(D) Positive Chvostek’s Sign: Facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.
(E) Constipation: Hypocalcemia is associated with diarrhea, not constipation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
(A) Decreased Skin Turgor: Seen in dehydration, not fluid overload.
(B) Jugular Venous Distension (JVD): A classic sign of fluid overload due to increased central venous pressure and right-sided heart strain.
(C) Hypotension: Overload causes hypertension, not hypotension.
(D) Dry Mucous Membranes: Seen in dehydration
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