A patient is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by prerenal factors. Which of the following is most likely to have contributed to this condition?
Severe dehydration
Renal calculi
Polycystic kidney disease
Glomerulonephritis
The Correct Answer is A
(A) Severe Dehydration: Prerenal AKI is caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys. Dehydration leads to hypovolemia, reducing renal perfusion and causing AKI.
(B) Renal Calculi: Postrenal AKI, not prerenal.
(C) Polycystic Kidney Disease: Chronic kidney disease, not acute.
(D) Glomerulonephritis: Intrarenal AKI, due to direct kidney damage
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
(A) Sickle Cell Anemia: Follows incomplete dominance, where the heterozygous trait has a milder phenotype.
(B) Huntington’s Disease: Follows autosomal dominant inheritance, not co-dominance.
(C) Marfan Syndrome: Is an autosomal dominant disorder, not co-dominance.
(D) ABO Blood Type Inheritance: Co-dominance means both alleles are fully expressed. In ABO blood types, a person with AB blood has both A and B antigens expressed equally.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
(A) Seizure: Not a typical side effect of ARBs.
(B) Bradycardia: ARBs do not significantly affect heart rate.
(C) Hyperkalemia: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), like losartan, reduce aldosterone secretion, leading to potassium retention and hyperkalemia.
(D) Insomnia: Not a common adverse effect of ARBs.
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