Which common adverse effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist will the nurse expect to assess in a patient?

Seizure

Bradycardia

Hyperkalemia

Insomnia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

(A) Seizure: Not a typical side effect of ARBs.

(B) Bradycardia: ARBs do not significantly affect heart rate.

(C) Hyperkalemia: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), like losartan, reduce aldosterone secretion, leading to potassium retention and hyperkalemia.

(D) Insomnia: Not a common adverse effect of ARBs.

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Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"C"},"G":{"answers":"C"}}

Explanation

Prerenal

Intrarenal

Postrenal

Severe Dehydration

Sepsis

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)

Severe Dehydration: Prerenal

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys due to low volume.

Sepsis: Prerenal

Hypotension from systemic infection reduces kidney perfusion.

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure): Prerenal

Reduced cardiac output leads to inadequate renal perfusion.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Postrenal

Urinary outflow obstruction causes back pressure on the kidneys

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones): Postrenal

Blockage in the urinary tract prevents urine excretion, leading to kidney damage.

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): Intrarenal

Direct injury to kidney tubules due to ischemia or toxins.

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity): Intrarenal

Causes nephrotoxicity, damaging renal tubules directly.

A. Constipation B. Trousseau's sign C. Positive Chvostek's sign D. Muscle spasms E. Shortened QT interval

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

(A) Constipation: Hypocalcemia causes increased GI motility, leading to diarrhea, not constipation.

(B) Trousseau's sign: Carpal spasm when inflating a BP cuff is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.

(C) Positive Chvostek’s sign: Facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve suggests hypocalcemia.

(D) Muscle spasms: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to spasms and cramps.

(E) Shortened QT interval: Hypocalcemia prolongs the QT interval, while hypercalcemia shortens it.

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Which common adverse effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist will the nurse expect to assess in a patient?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Categorize the following causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) as prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal:

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"C"},"G":{"answers":"C"}}

Explanation

Which clinical findings are consistent with hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

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