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Which inheritance pattern requires only one mutated gene to cause a disorder?

A.

X-linked recessive

B.

Mitochondrial

C.

Autosomal recessive

D.

Autosomal dominant

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

(A) X-linked recessive: Requires two mutated genes in females or one in males (e.g., hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy).

(B) Mitochondrial: Inherited only from the mother, affects energy production.

(C) Autosomal recessive: Requires two copies of a mutated gene (one from each parent) to cause disease (e.g., cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia).

(D) Autosomal dominant: A single copy of a mutated gene from one parent is enough to cause a disorder. Examples include Huntington’s disease and Marfan syndrome.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

(A) Obtain a urine specimen: Important for diagnosis but not the priority over pain management.

(B) Administer prescribed analgesics: Pain relief is the priority in acute urolithiasis, as renal colic is excruciating.

(C) Encourage oral fluids: Helps prevent further stone formation but is secondary to pain relief.

(D) Prepare the patient for surgery: Surgery is only indicated for large, obstructing stones, not a first-line intervention.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"B"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"B"}}

Explanation

Hyperthyroidism:

  • Heat Intolerance: Increased metabolism leads to excessive heat production.
  • Exophthalmos: Protrusion of the eyes due to autoimmune effects in conditions like Graves’ disease.
  • Tremors: Overstimulation of the nervous system causes fine hand tremors.

Hypothyroidism:

  • Bradycardia: Reduced thyroid hormone slows metabolism and heart rate.
  • Weight Gain: Decreased metabolism leads to fat accumulation.
  • Dry Coarse Skin: Reduced metabolism causes decreased sweat and oil production, leading to dry skin.

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