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Which inheritance pattern requires only one mutated gene to cause a disorder?

A.

X-linked recessive

B.

Mitochondrial

C.

Autosomal recessive

D.

Autosomal dominant

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

(A) X-linked recessive: Requires two mutated genes in females or one in males (e.g., hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy).

(B) Mitochondrial: Inherited only from the mother, affects energy production.

(C) Autosomal recessive: Requires two copies of a mutated gene (one from each parent) to cause disease (e.g., cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia).

(D) Autosomal dominant: A single copy of a mutated gene from one parent is enough to cause a disorder. Examples include Huntington’s disease and Marfan syndrome.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(A) Administer Corticosteroids: PKD is not an inflammatory disease, so steroids are not the first-line treatment.

(B) Encourage Dietary Protein Intake: High-protein diets can worsen kidney damage in PKD patients.

(C) Monitor Blood Pressure: Hypertension is a common and serious complication of PKD. Controlling blood pressure can slow disease progression and reduce the risk of further kidney damage.

(D) Prepare for Immediate Dialysis: Dialysis is not required unless the patient has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Early-stage PKD is managed with symptom control and blood pressure management.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"B"},"E":{"answers":"A"}}

Explanation

Diabetes Insipidus:

  • Polyuria: ADH deficiency/resistance causes excessive urine output.
  • Hypernatremia: Excessive water loss leads to high serum sodium levels.
  • Dilute Urine: The kidneys cannot concentrate urine without ADH.

SIADH:

  • Decreased Urine Output: Excess ADH leads to water retention and decreased urination.
  • Hyponatremia: Water retention dilutes sodium levels.

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