The nurse is educating the family of a patient in the late stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which information is most important for the nurse to include?

Cognitive and mental capacities will most likely remain intact throughout the disease progression.

Ability to swallow will remain intact.

Breathing should not be affected by the disease.

Ability to move the upper limbs may be affected.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. ALS primarily affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis, but cognitive and mental functions usually remain intact. This is important for family understanding and care planning.
B. The ability to swallow is often impaired in late stages due to muscle weakness.
C. Breathing is affected as respiratory muscles weaken, which is a critical concern in ALS progression.
D. Both upper and lower limb movements are typically affected as the disease advances, but cognitive status is a key point to clarify with families.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Using a wrist support pad while typinghelps maintain the wrist in a neutral position, reducing compression on the median nerve and helping to prevent carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).
B. Repetitive wrist flexioncan actually worsen or contributeto the development of CTS, rather than prevent it.
C. Wrapping wrists with elastic bandages is not a preventive strategyfor CTS and may restrict circulation or movementunnecessarily.
D. Warm compresses may soothe discomfortif symptoms occur but do not preventthe development of CTS.

A. Carefully splint the leg as it is B. Apply a tourniquet on the leg C. Position him flat on his back D. Carefully straighten the leg

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. In the case of a compound (open) fracture, the priority is to immobilize the limb in the position foundto prevent further injury, bleeding, or damage to surrounding tissues. The leg should be carefully splinted as it iswithout attempting to realign it.
B. A tourniquetis a last resort for life-threatening bleedingand can cause significant tissue damage if used inappropriately.
C. Lying flat may not be appropriate depending on the injury and pain; priority is stabilizing the fracture.
D. Straightening the legcan worsen the injuryand should never be done in the field or before imaging and medical evaluation.

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The nurse is educating the family of a patient in the late stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which information is most important for the nurse to include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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