The nurse is explaining Parkinson disease to the student nurse. Which statement indicates that the student nurse correctly understands the pathophysiology of the disease?
"Regardless of the actual etiology. Parkinson disease is caused by depletion of dopamine and excess of acetylcholine."
"When there is decreased dopamine uptake at receptors in brain cells, Parkinson disease results.
"The pathophysiology of the disease is caused by the deterioration of the myelin sheath of the basal ganglia."
"Excess dopamine and deficient acetylcholine are the cause of Parkinson disease
The Correct Answer is A
A. Parkinson disease is characterized by dopamine depletion in the substantia nigra of the brain, resulting in a relative excess of acetylcholine. This imbalance causes the motor symptoms associated with the disease.
B. This choice misrepresents the issue; the problem lies in dopamine production, not uptake.
C. Demyelination is associated with conditions like multiple sclerosis, not Parkinson disease.
D. Parkinson disease is associated with dopamine deficiency, not excess, and a relative excess of acetylcholine, not deficiency.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This statement shows appropriate understanding of combining elevation and iceto help reduce swelling.
B. Keeping ice on the knee for the entire dayis inappropriate and potentially harmful. Ice should be applied for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, every 2 to 3 hoursduring the first 24 to 48 hours to prevent tissue damage and frostbite.
C. This reflects accurate understanding of ice’s purpose in reducing inflammation and swelling.
D. This indicates the patient understands the duration of ice therapyas commonly recommended after an acute injury.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. In the case of a compound (open) fracture, the priority is to immobilize the limb in the position foundto prevent further injury, bleeding, or damage to surrounding tissues. The leg should be carefully splinted as it iswithout attempting to realign it.
B. A tourniquetis a last resort for life-threatening bleedingand can cause significant tissue damage if used inappropriately.
C. Lying flat may not be appropriate depending on the injury and pain; priority is stabilizing the fracture.
D. Straightening the legcan worsen the injuryand should never be done in the field or before imaging and medical evaluation.
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