The nurse is monitoring a patient with postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which conditions can lead to this type of AKI? (Select all that apply)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Acute tubular necrosis
Renal calculi
Ureteral stricture
Bladder tumor
Correct Answer : A,C,D,E
(A) Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Enlarged prostate can obstruct urine flow, leading to postrenal AKI.
(B) Acute Tubular Necrosis: This is an intrarenal cause of AKI, resulting from direct kidney injury, not obstruction.
(C) Renal Calculi: Kidney stones blocking the ureter prevent urine excretion, causing back pressure on the kidneys.
(D) Ureteral Stricture: Narrowing of the ureter restricts urine outflow, leading to postrenal AKI.
(E) Bladder Tumor: A tumor in the bladder can obstruct urine passage, leading to kidney damage.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
(A) Seizure: Not a typical side effect of ARBs.
(B) Bradycardia: ARBs do not significantly affect heart rate.
(C) Hyperkalemia: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), like losartan, reduce aldosterone secretion, leading to potassium retention and hyperkalemia.
(D) Insomnia: Not a common adverse effect of ARBs.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
(A) Potassium level of 4.0 mEq/L: Normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), does not indicate CKD.
(B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 18 mg/dL: BUN can fluctuate with hydration status and is not the most specific CKD marker.
(C) Serum creatinine of 5.0 mg/dL: Creatinine is a direct marker of kidney function. A level above 1.2 mg/dL suggests dysfunction, and 5.0 mg/dL is severely elevated, indicating CKD.
(D) Urine specific gravity of 1.015: Falls within the normal range (1.010-1.030), does not indicate CKD.
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