The nurse is monitoring a patient with postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which conditions can lead to this type of AKI? (Select all that apply)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Acute tubular necrosis

Renal calculi

Ureteral stricture

Bladder tumor

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

(A) Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Enlarged prostate can obstruct urine flow, leading to postrenal AKI.

(B) Acute Tubular Necrosis: This is an intrarenal cause of AKI, resulting from direct kidney injury, not obstruction.

(C) Renal Calculi: Kidney stones blocking the ureter prevent urine excretion, causing back pressure on the kidneys.

(D) Ureteral Stricture: Narrowing of the ureter restricts urine outflow, leading to postrenal AKI.

(E) Bladder Tumor: A tumor in the bladder can obstruct urine passage, leading to kidney damage.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

(A) Edema: Excess fluid accumulates in tissues, leading to swelling.

(B) Tachycardia: While tachycardia can occur in various conditions, it is not a primary symptom of hypervolemia.

(C) Reduced Skin Turgor: Seen in dehydration (hypovolemia), not fluid overload.

(D) Hypotension: Hypervolemia increases blood pressure, not lowers it.

A. prevent constipation. B. minimize gingival hyperplasia. C. prevent recurrent chest pain D. reduce flushing.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(A) Prevent constipation: Calcium channel blockers can cause constipation, but metoprolol does not prevent it.

(B) Minimize gingival hyperplasia: Gingival hyperplasia is a side effect of calcium channel blockers, but metoprolol does not counteract it.

(C) Prevent recurrent chest pain: Nifedipine can cause reflex tachycardia, which increases myocardial oxygen demand. Metoprolol (a beta-blocker) prevents this by slowing the heart rate and reducing myocardial workload, thereby preventing angina.

(D) Reduce flushing: Flushing is a side effect of nifedipine, but metoprolol is not used for this purpose.

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The nurse is monitoring a patient with postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which conditions can lead to this type of AKI? (Select all that apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following symptoms would a nurse monitor for in a patient with hypervolemia?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

An Angina Pectoris patient begins taking nifedipine [Procardia] a calcium channel blocker, along with metoprolol, to treat hypertension. The nurse understands that metoprolol is used to:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Match the following endocrine disorders to the most relevant diagnostic test:

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