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The nurse is monitoring a patient with postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which conditions can lead to this type of AKI? (Select all that apply)

A.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

B.

Acute tubular necrosis

C.

Renal calculi

D.

Ureteral stricture

E.

Bladder tumor

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

(A) Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Enlarged prostate can obstruct urine flow, leading to postrenal AKI.

(B) Acute Tubular Necrosis: This is an intrarenal cause of AKI, resulting from direct kidney injury, not obstruction.

(C) Renal Calculi: Kidney stones blocking the ureter prevent urine excretion, causing back pressure on the kidneys.

(D) Ureteral Stricture: Narrowing of the ureter restricts urine outflow, leading to postrenal AKI.

(E) Bladder Tumor: A tumor in the bladder can obstruct urine passage, leading to kidney damage.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(A) Mitochondrial: CF is not maternally inherited through mitochondrial DNA.

(B) X-linked Dominant: CF does not involve the X chromosome.

(C) Autosomal Recessive: Cystic fibrosis (CF) occurs when an individual inherits two mutated copies of the CFTR gene (one from each parent). Both parents must be carriers for a child to develop the disease.

(D) Autosomal Dominant: CF requires two copies of the mutated gene, unlike dominant disorders that require only one.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

(A) Thirst: The body increases thirst to compensate for high sodium levels and prevent dehydration.

(B) Seizures: Severe hypernatremia causes neurological symptoms like seizures due to cerebral dehydration.

(C) Dry Mucous Membranes: Water loss leads to dry oral mucosa.

(E) Muscle Weakness: Electrolyte imbalances affect neuromuscular function, leading to weakness.

(D) Bradycardia: Hypernatremia is more likely to cause tachycardia due to dehydration and hypovolemia.

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