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The nurse is observing a family member administer eye drops to the patient as part of medication teaching. Which action(s) indicate the family member is performing the skill correctly? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Puts the eye drops in a room with low lighting

Washes their hands before placing the eye drops

Uses the patient’s iris as a landmark for direct placement of the drop

Puts the drop from inner to outer canthus

Holds the upper eyelid open when placing the drop

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D

b. Washes their hands before placing the eye drops

d. Puts the drop from inner to outer canthus

Explanation of Choices

Choice A Reason: Puts the Eye Drops in a Room with Low Lighting

Administering eye drops in a room with low lighting is not a recommended practice. Proper lighting is essential to ensure accurate placement of the drops and to avoid contamination or injury. Low lighting can make it difficult to see the eye and the dropper, increasing the risk of improper administration. Therefore, this action does not indicate correct performance of the skill.

Choice B Reason: Washes Their Hands Before Placing the Eye Drops

Washing hands before administering eye drops is a crucial step to prevent infection and contamination. Clean hands reduce the risk of transferring bacteria or other pathogens to the eye, which can cause infections or other complications. This action is a fundamental part of proper eye drop administration and indicates correct performance of the skill.

Choice C Reason: Uses the Patient’s Iris as a Landmark for Direct Placement of the Drop

Using the patient’s iris as a landmark for direct placement of the drop is incorrect. The proper technique involves pulling down the lower eyelid to create a small pocket (conjunctival sac) and placing the drop into this pocket. Directly aiming for the iris can cause discomfort and increase the risk of injury or contamination. Therefore, this action does not indicate correct performance of the skill.

Choice D Reason: Puts the Drop from Inner to Outer Canthus

Placing the drop from the inner to the outer canthus (corner of the eye) is a correct technique. This method helps ensure that the drop spreads evenly across the eye surface and reduces the risk of contamination. It also helps in preventing the dropper from touching the eye or eyelid, which can introduce bacteria. This action indicates correct performance of the skill.

Choice E Reason: Holds the Upper Eyelid Open When Placing the Drop

Holding the upper eyelid open when placing the drop is not the recommended technique. The proper method involves pulling down the lower eyelid to form a pocket and placing the drop into this pocket. Holding the upper eyelid open can cause discomfort and may not allow the drop to be placed accurately. Therefore, this action does not indicate correct performance of the skill.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Emotional injury and learned helplessness. While emotional injury and learned helplessness are significant consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV), they are not the central factors driving the dynamic of IPV. Learned helplessness refers to a state where the victim feels powerless to change their situation due to repeated exposure to traumatic events. Emotional injury is a result of the abuse but not a driving factor.

Choice B Reason:

Poor communication and social isolation. Poor communication and social isolation can exacerbate the situation but are not the primary factors central to the dynamic of IPV. Social isolation is often a tactic used by abusers to control their victims, but it is a consequence rather than a cause. Poor communication can contribute to misunderstandings and conflicts but is not the root cause of IPV.

Choice C Reason:

Power and control. This statement is correct. The central dynamic of intimate partner violence is the abuser’s desire to exert power and control over their partner. This need for dominance manifests through various abusive behaviors, including physical, emotional, psychological, and financial abuse. The Power and Control Wheel, a tool developed by the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project, illustrates how different abusive tactics are used to maintain control over the victim.

Choice D Reason:

Erratic relationships and vulnerability. Erratic relationships and vulnerability are characteristics often seen in IPV situations but are not central to the dynamic. Vulnerability can make individuals more susceptible to abuse, and erratic relationships can be a symptom of the abuse, but they do not drive the abusive behavior5.

A. Food is rapidly ingested without proper chewing B. Poor dental and oral hygiene leads to dental caries C. Purging causes the depletion of dietary calcium D. Emesis from purging corrodes the tooth enamel

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

d. Emesis from purging corrodes the tooth enamel

Explanation of Choices

Choice A Reason: Food is Rapidly Ingested Without Proper Chewing

While individuals with bulimia nervosa may engage in rapid eating during binge episodes, this behavior alone does not directly cause dental deterioration. Rapid ingestion of food can lead to other gastrointestinal issues, but it is not the primary cause of dental problems seen in bulimia nervosa. The main dental issues arise from the purging behavior that follows binge eating.

Choice B Reason: Poor Dental and Oral Hygiene Leads to Dental Caries

Poor dental and oral hygiene can indeed lead to dental caries (cavities), but this is not the primary issue in bulimia nervosa. The dental deterioration observed in bulimia nervosa is more specifically related to the effects of repeated vomiting, which introduces stomach acid into the mouth. While maintaining good oral hygiene is important, it does not fully address the unique dental challenges posed by bulimia.

Choice C Reason: Purging Causes the Depletion of Dietary Calcium

Purging can lead to various nutritional deficiencies, including calcium, but the depletion of dietary calcium is not the main cause of dental deterioration in bulimia nervosa. The primary issue is the direct effect of stomach acid on the teeth. Calcium depletion can contribute to overall bone health issues, but it is not the specific cause of the dental erosion seen in bulimia.

Choice D Reason: Emesis from Purging Corrodes the Tooth Enamel

Emesis (vomiting) from purging is the primary cause of dental deterioration in bulimia nervosa. When individuals with bulimia vomit, stomach acid comes into contact with the teeth, leading to enamel erosion. This acid is highly corrosive and can wear away the protective enamel layer, resulting in increased tooth sensitivity, cavities, and other dental issues. This repeated exposure to stomach acid is the most significant factor in the dental deterioration observed in bulimia nervosa.

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The nurse is observing a family member administer eye drops to the patient as part of medication teaching. Which action(s) indicate the family member is performing the skill correctly? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse understands that which factors are central to the dynamic of intimate partner violence?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse observes dental deterioration when assessing a client diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa. Which best explains this assessment finding?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a 22-year-old female client who has bulimia nervosa and frequently self-induces vomiting. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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