The nurse is reviewing the risk factors for venous disease. Which of these situations best describes a person at highest risk for the development of venous disease?
Older adult taking anticoagulant medication
Person who has been on bed rest for 4 days
Person with a 30-year, 1 pack per day smoking habit
Woman in her second month of pregnancy
The Correct Answer is B
A. Older adult taking anticoagulant medication: Anticoagulants reduce the risk of thrombosis.
B. Person who has been on bed rest for 4 days: Prolonged immobility reduces muscle contraction, leading to decreased venous return and increased risk of venous stasis and DVT.
C. Person with a 30-year smoking habit: Smoking is a risk factor for arterial disease rather than venous disease.
D. Woman in her second month of pregnancy: Pregnancy increases venous pressure but is more significant in the third trimester.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Nerve degeneration in the inner ear: This describes presbycusis, a common age-related hearing loss due to degeneration of the cochlea or auditory nerve, often affecting the ability to hear high-frequency sounds and distinguish sounds in noisy environments.
B. Cilia becoming coarse and stiff: This contributes to conductive hearing loss but does not typically cause difficulty localizing sounds.
C. Scarring of the tympanic membrane: This may result from repeated infections but usually causes conductive hearing loss.
D. Atrophy of the apocrine glands: This affects sweat production, not hearing.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Atrophy of calf veins: Vein atrophy is not a normal aging process, although venous insufficiency is common due to other causes.
B. Narrowing of the inferior vena cava: This is not a typical age-related change.
C. Peripheral blood vessels growing more rigid: Arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) is common with aging and leads to increased systolic blood pressure.
D. Hormonal changes causing vasodilation: Aging tends to cause vascular rigidity, not vasodilation, and is more likely to lead to hypertension.
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