The nurse is planning care for a client experiencing headaches. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.

Provide a quiet, dark environment.

Apply heat to area for a migraine headache.

Administer prescribed analgesics.

Offer a massage for a tension headache.

Keep the head of the client's bed flat.

Offer prescribed antiemetic medication.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,F

A. A quiet, dark environment is often helpful for clients with headaches, especially migraines. Bright lights and loud noises can exacerbate symptoms, so minimizing environmental stimuli can help the client rest and reduce discomfort.
B. Heat is typically not recommended for migraine headaches, as it can sometimes worsen the pain. For migraines, cold compresses or ice packs on the forehead may provide more relief. Heat is generally more effective for tension headaches or muscle-related pain.
C. Analgesics such as over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen) or prescribed medications can help manage headache pain and are often part of the treatment plan for headaches.
D. A gentle massage can help relieve the muscle tension that often contributes to tension headaches. Massaging the neck, shoulders, and scalp may help reduce headache symptoms.
E. Keeping the head of the bed flat is not generally recommended for headache relief. In fact, elevating the head of the bed slightly may help relieve pressure and improve comfort, especially in cases of sinus headaches or headaches related to congestion.
F. Many clients with headaches, especially migraines, may experience nausea or vomiting. Administering prescribed antiemetic medications can help alleviate these symptoms and improve the client’s comfort.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Carbidopa does not directly prevent dyskinesia. Dyskinesia is often a side effect of long-term levodopa therapy. Carbidopa’s role is to help optimize the effectiveness of levodopa and reduce side effects, but it does not specifically prevent dyskinesia.
B. The combination of levodopa and carbidopa does not prevent drug tolerance. Drug tolerance refers to the reduced effect of a drug over time, and while the combination may help with optimal absorption and effectiveness, it doesn't directly address tolerance.
C. While carbidopa helps reduce some side effects (such as nausea and vomiting) by preventing the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, the primary purpose of combining the two drugs is not solely to prevent side effects but to improve levodopa's effectiveness and absorption in the brain.
D. Carbidopa inhibits the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in the peripheral tissues, preventing the premature breakdown (metabolism) of levodopa into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This allows more levodopa to enter the brain and be converted into dopamine, enhancing the therapeutic effect for Parkinson's disease.

A. "Elevated blood sugar level causes decreased thirst and appetite." B. "Increased appetite is due to osmotic factors resulting from high blood sugar. C. "Increased appetite is caused by the increased anabolic state due to high blood sugar. D. "Frequent urination seen in diabetes is due to an elevated blood sugar level."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia) typically causes increased thirst (polydipsia) and increased appetite (polyphagia), not decreased thirst and appetite. This occurs due to the body’s attempt to compensate for the excess glucose in the blood.
B. While osmotic factors (such as increased glucose in the urine) contribute to dehydration and increased thirst, increased appetite (polyphagia) in diabetes is primarily caused by the body's inability to effectively use glucose, leading to a sensation of hunger despite high blood sugar.
C. The increased appetite in diabetes is related to the body’s inability to properly utilize glucose, not an anabolic state. The body compensates for the perceived lack of energy, leading to hunger.
D. Frequent urination (polyuria) in diabetes is due to the osmotic diuresis caused by elevated blood sugar levels. When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, glucose spills into the urine, which pulls water along with it, leading to increased urination.

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The nurse is planning care for a client experiencing headaches. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client with Parkinson's disease. The nurse understands the client is on both levodopa and carbidopa for which of the following reasons?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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