The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a group of well-educated clients who were found to be HIV positive within the last year. Members of the group express an interest in learning about the pathology of the AIDS virus. The nurse should explain that the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acts in which way to suppress the immune system?

Destruction of helper T-cells and CD4 cells.

Increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM.

Proliferation of suppressor T-cells.

Deficiency of cytotoxic T cells.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. HIV primarily targets and destroys helper T-cells (CD4 cells), which are crucial for orchestrating the immune response, leading to immune system suppression and increased vulnerability to infections.
B. An increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM is not a direct action of HIV; in fact, B-cell function is also impaired as the disease progresses.
C. Proliferation of suppressor T-cells is not a characteristic effect of HIV; instead, it is the helper T-cells that are predominantly affected, leading to immune dysfunction.
D. While cytotoxic T cells may be present, their function is impaired due to the loss of helper T-cells, but deficiency of cytotoxic T cells is not the primary mechanism by which HIV suppresses the immune system.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Storing the medication at room temperature is appropriate and indicates correct understanding.
B. Priming the inhaler with 7 pumps is excessive. Generally, ipratropium inhalers require only 2-3 pumps to prime before first use, indicating that the client needs additional teaching on the proper priming technique.
C. Attaching a spacer device is a beneficial action that can enhance medication delivery and is recommended for use with metered-dose inhalers.
D. Rinsing the mouth after each use is good practice to minimize the risk of oral side effects, such as dryness or irritation.

A. Use salt tablets after strenuous exercise. B. Drink plenty of water whenever thirsty. C. Monitor daily urine output volume. D. Review food labels for sodium content.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Use salt tablets after strenuous exercise is incorrect. Clients with hypernatremia should avoid excessive sodium intake, including salt tablets, as this can worsen the condition.

B. Drink plenty of water whenever thirsty is incorrect. Thirst is a late sign of dehydration, and clients with hypernatremia should be encouraged to drink water regularly, even before feeling thirsty, to maintain proper hydration and correct sodium imbalances.

C. Monitor daily urine output volume is incorrect. While monitoring fluid balance is important, urine output alone does not directly address sodium intake or management, making reviewing food labels for sodium content a more critical intervention.

D. Review food labels for sodium content is correct. Clients with hypernatremia should limit sodium intake by carefully reading food labels and avoiding processed, canned, and fast foods that are high in sodium.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receives a new prescription for an ipratropium inhaler. Which action indicates to the nurse that additional teaching is needed?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan for an adult client with hypernatremia?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client who is taking diclofenac for rheumatoid arthritis. During a clinic visit, the client appears pale and reports increasing fatigue. Which of the client's serum laboratory values is most important for the nurse to review?

The nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who develops an onset of dyspnea and tachypnea with coughing. After positioning the client upright, which action should the nurse take next?

Before administering a newly prescribed dose of terbinafine HCL to a client with a fungal toenail infection, which assessment finding is most important for the nurse to address?

Which information should the nurse include when giving discharge instructions to a client following a left eye cataract extraction with a lens implant?

A client has been administered lactulose for several days. Which therapeutic response should the nurse expect for a client with hepatic encephalopathy?