The nurse is preparing to administer a first dose of benztropine (Cogentin) to a patient diagnosed with parkinsonism. The nurse would notify the patient’s provider if the patient had a history of which condition?

Irritable bowel disease

Glaucoma

Asthma

Hypertension

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Irritable bowel disease: Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication that can reduce gastrointestinal motility, which might exacerbate constipation. However, irritable bowel disease (IBD) is not a contraindication for using benztropine. The drug is more likely to cause concern in conditions where smooth muscle relaxation could worsen symptoms of constipation, but it is not typically withheld due to IBD alone.

B) Glaucoma: Glaucoma, particularly narrow-angle glaucoma, is a contraindication for benztropine use. Benztropine, as an anticholinergic agent, can cause pupil dilation (mydriasis), which can increase intraocular pressure and worsen glaucoma. This is a critical concern for patients with glaucoma, and the healthcare provider should be notified before administering the drug.

C) Asthma: While benztropine can have mild anticholinergic effects that may cause dryness of the respiratory tract, it is not a contraindication for asthma. Beta-agonist inhalers are more commonly prescribed to manage bronchospasm, but the use of benztropine in asthma is not typically harmful unless the patient is experiencing severe respiratory distress. Asthma would not be a primary concern when administering this medication.

D) Hypertension: Benztropine does not directly affect blood pressure in a way that would be a concern for someone with hypertension. While it may cause some mild autonomic changes (like dry mouth or dizziness), hypertension is not a contraindication for the medication. Therefore, there is no specific need to notify the healthcare provider due to a history of hypertension.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Monoamine oxidase:
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme, not a neurotransmitter. It is responsible for breaking down certain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, in the brain and other parts of the body. While it plays a crucial role in regulating neurotransmitter levels, it is not itself a neurotransmitter.

B) Cholinesterase:
Cholinesterase is also an enzyme, not a neurotransmitter. It breaks down acetylcholine (ACh) at synaptic junctions to terminate its action after it has transmitted a nerve impulse. This enzyme is important for the proper functioning of cholinergic synapses but does not function as a neurotransmitter.

C) Acetylcholine (ACh):
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter. It is released by nerve cells at cholinergic synapses and plays a key role in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. ACh is involved in transmitting nerve impulses to muscles (muscle contraction) and is also important in cognitive functions like memory and learning in the brain.

D) Calcium:
Calcium is a vital ion involved in many cellular processes, including muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release. However, it is not a neurotransmitter. It plays a role in the function of neurotransmitters but does not act as one itself.

A. Decreased blood pressure B. Decreased heart rate C. Increased body temperature D. Increased blood pressure

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Decreased blood pressure:
Isoproterenol (Isuprel) is a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist that primarily stimulates beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It causes vasodilation through beta-2 stimulation, but its predominant effect is increasing heart rate and cardiac output via beta-1 stimulation. This tends to result in an increase in blood pressure

B) Decreased heart rate:
Isoproterenol generally leads to an increase in heart rate because of its beta-1 adrenergic activity, which stimulates the heart's pacemaker cells. It is commonly used to treat bradycardia (slow heart rate).

C) Increased body temperature:
Although isoproterenol can lead to increased heart rate and blood flow, it does not directly cause a significant increase in body temperature. Temperature changes are more commonly seen with drugs affecting metabolism or those that induce fever.

D) Increased blood pressure:
Isoproterenol stimulates beta-1 receptors in the heart, leading to increased heart rate and cardiac output, which typically results in an increase in blood pressure. However, due to its beta-2 effects, there can be some vasodilation, which may counteract this effect slightly. Despite this, the overall effect of isoproterenol is typically an increase in blood pressure, especially in a shock setting, where improving circulation is critical.

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The nurse is preparing to administer a first dose of benztropine (Cogentin) to a patient diagnosed with parkinsonism. The nurse would notify the patient’s provider if the patient had a history of which condition?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of these is a neurotransmitter?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient is admitted to the emergency department in shock. Isoproterenol (Isuprel) is admitted. What would the nurse expect the effect of this drug would be?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following catecholamines may have a vasodilator effect on renal blood vessels and be prescribed for a client in shock who are experiencing renal insufficiency manifestations?

The central nervous system (CNS) cells, where the impulses for the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) originate, are located where?

A student ask the pharmacology instructor to explain the action of anticholinergic agents. What would be the instructor's best response?

A patient who has been diagnosed with depression asks why the provider has not ordered a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor to treat the disorder. The nurse will explain to the patient that MAO inhibitors

When the nurse administers a drug that stimulates the nicotinic receptors, what manifestation would indicate that the drug is working?

An older patient exhibits a shuffling gait, lack of facial expression, and tremors at rest. The nurse will expect the provider to order which medication for this patient?

Which patient may require a higher-than-expected dose of an opioid analgesic?

The nurse administers a drug to a patient whose heart rate is bradycardic aimed at increasing heart rate and myocardial activity. What adrenergic receptor is this drug stimulating?