What action do sympathomimetic drugs have in the body?

Increased intraocular pressure

Decreased blood pressure

Decreased heart rate

Increased respiration

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Increased intraocular pressure: Sympathomimetic drugs stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and promote "fight or flight" responses, often resulting in vasoconstriction and other effects. Some sympathomimetics, especially those that affect alpha-adrenergic receptors, can lead to increased intraocular pressure, which is a concern in conditions like glaucoma.

B) Decreased blood pressure: Sympathomimetic drugs generally increase blood pressure by stimulating alpha and beta receptors that cause vasoconstriction and increased heart rate. In contrast, drugs that would decrease blood pressure are usually parasympathomimetics or other agents designed to block sympathetic responses.

C) Decreased heart rate: Sympathomimetic drugs typically increase heart rate by stimulating beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. These drugs are used in situations requiring increased cardiac output or to counteract bradycardia. Decreased heart rate would typically occur with parasympathomimetic drugs or medications that block sympathetic activity (e.g., beta blockers).

D) Increased respiration: Sympathomimetic drugs can increase respiratory rate by promoting bronchodilation through beta-2 adrenergic receptor activation in the lungs. However, "increased respiration" as a general effect is not as specific or consistent as the other cardiovascular and ocular effects of these drugs. The primary and most prominent physiological change would be related to the cardiovascular effects.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Monoamine oxidase:
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme, not a neurotransmitter. It is responsible for breaking down certain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, in the brain and other parts of the body. While it plays a crucial role in regulating neurotransmitter levels, it is not itself a neurotransmitter.

B) Cholinesterase:
Cholinesterase is also an enzyme, not a neurotransmitter. It breaks down acetylcholine (ACh) at synaptic junctions to terminate its action after it has transmitted a nerve impulse. This enzyme is important for the proper functioning of cholinergic synapses but does not function as a neurotransmitter.

C) Acetylcholine (ACh):
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter. It is released by nerve cells at cholinergic synapses and plays a key role in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. ACh is involved in transmitting nerve impulses to muscles (muscle contraction) and is also important in cognitive functions like memory and learning in the brain.

D) Calcium:
Calcium is a vital ion involved in many cellular processes, including muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release. However, it is not a neurotransmitter. It plays a role in the function of neurotransmitters but does not act as one itself.

A. Beta 1 B. Beta 2 C. Alpha 2 D. Alpha 1

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Beta 1: Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are primarily located in the heart and are responsible for increasing heart rate (chronotropy), the force of contraction (inotropy), and the conduction speed of electrical impulses within the heart (dromotropy). When a drug is given to increase heart rate and myocardial activity, it is stimulating the beta-1 receptors, which enhance the heart's performance..

B) Beta 2: Beta-2 receptors are predominantly found in smooth muscles, such as those
in the bronchi, blood vessels, and uterus. Stimulation of beta-2 receptors leads to relaxation of these muscles, including bronchodilation and vasodilation, which would not have a direct effect on increasing heart rate or myocardial activity.

C) Alpha 2: Alpha-2 receptors are primarily located in the central nervous system (CNS) and act to inhibit the release of norepinephrine, leading to a reduction in sympathetic nervous system activity. They have the opposite effect of what is desired in this case, as stimulation of alpha-2 receptors would actually lower heart rate and decrease myocardial activity, not increase it.

D) Alpha 1: Alpha-1 receptors are found in the smooth muscle of blood vessels and when stimulated, cause vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure. While alpha-1 receptors do affect the cardiovascular system, they do not directly influence heart rate or myocardial contractility.

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What action do sympathomimetic drugs have in the body?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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