The nurse is preparing to care for a newborn receiving phototherapy.
Which interventions should be included in the plan of care? Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale

The statement “My baby will be placed under special lights if the test is elevated” indicates a need for further teaching. This statement is incorrect because phototherapy (special lights) is not used to treat phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is a genetic disorder that results in the body’s inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. If left untreated, it can lead to intellectual disability and other serious health problems. The treatment for PKU involves a special diet that is low in phenylalanine. Therefore, the parent’s statement about using special lights for treatment indicates a misunderstanding about the nature of PKU and its treatment.

Choice B rationale

The statement “Sometimes the test is repeated in the doctor’s office at the 2-week check-up” is correct. PKU is usually diagnosed through a routine newborn screening test, and if the initial test results are positive or unclear, the test may be repeated.

Choice C rationale

The statement “My baby must take formula or breast milk before the test is done” is correct. For accurate results, the PKU test is done after the baby is 24 hours old and after the baby has had some protein in the diet.

Choice D rationale

The statement “This test checks for a genetic disorder that can be corrected by diet” is correct. PKU is a genetic disorder that can be managed with a special diet low in phenylalanine.

Choice A rationale

It’s not uncommon for infants to eat the same foods prepared for the rest of the family, especially if these foods are healthy and properly prepared. However, it’s important to note that certain foods may pose a choking hazard or may not be suitable for an infant’s digestive system. For example, honey should not be given to children under 1 year of age due to the risk of botulism.

Choice B rationale

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants under 12 months of age should not drink cow’s milk. Cow’s milk lacks the necessary nutrients that infants need for growth and development. It also contains high concentrations of protein and minerals, which can stress an infant’s kidneys and cause other health problems.

Choice C rationale

Drinking from a cup with a cover, also known as a sippy cup, is a normal part of an infant’s development. It helps the child transition from a bottle to a regular cup. However, it’s important to monitor the child’s use of a sippy cup as prolonged use can lead to tooth decay.

Choice D rationale

Giving an infant finger foods like apple slices is a good way to encourage self-feeding and develop fine motor skills. However, the food should be cut into small, manageable pieces to prevent choking.