A nurse is assisting with the care of a 3-month-old infant following a surgical procedure.
Which of the following pain scales should the nurse use to determine the infant’s pain level?
FACES.
Word-Graphic Rating Scale.
FLACC.
Oucher.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
The FACES pain scale is typically used for children who are at least 3 years old. It requires the child to compare their pain to a series of faces ranging from smiling to crying.
Choice B rationale
The Word-Graphic Rating Scale is typically used for older children and adolescents who can read and understand the descriptive words associated with each level of pain.
Choice C rationale
The FLACC pain scale, which stands for Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability, is appropriate for assessing pain in a 3-month-old infant. It is often used for children under 3 years old or those who are unable to verbally communicate their pain.
Choice D rationale
The Oucher pain scale is typically used for children aged 3 to 13 years. It includes a series of photographs of children’s faces and a numerical scale for older children.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A protruding tongue is a common characteristic in children diagnosed with Down syndrome. This is due to hypotonia (low muscle tone) and a relatively small oral cavity.
Choice B rationale
An outward slant to the eyes, also known as upslanting palpebral fissures, is a common characteristic in children with Down syndrome.
Choice C rationale
Wide-spaced front teeth are not typically associated with Down syndrome. Dental anomalies in Down syndrome often include delayed eruption of teeth and missing or extra teeth.
Choice D rationale
Curved, small fingers are a common characteristic in children with Down syndrome. This is part of the typical hand morphology that may also include a single palmar crease.
Choice E rationale
Simian creases, also known as single palmar creases, are common in children with Down syndrome. This is a single crease that runs across the palm of the hand, instead of the usual three creases.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
An increasing abdominal girth in a child with a VP shunt may be indicative of malabsorption of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that is being shunted to the peritoneum. This is because the VP shunt is a soft, flexible tube which is inserted into a lateral ventricle and acts as a drainpipe, to give the CSF a way to flow out of the ventricles. The tube is connected to a valve, which regulates the flow of CSF. The end of the shunt is placed within the abdominal cavity (tummy area), where the CSF will be reabsorbed. Therefore, if the CSF is not being properly absorbed in the peritoneum, it could lead to an increase in abdominal girth. This is a serious concern that needs immediate attention, hence the charge nurse should be notified.
Choice B rationale
Checking bowel sounds is a common nursing intervention for assessing gastrointestinal function. However, in the context of a child with a VP shunt and increasing abdominal girth, it is less likely to be directly related to the issue at hand. While bowel sounds can provide information about the functioning of the digestive system, they do not provide direct information about the functioning of the VP shunt or the absorption of CSF in the peritoneum.
Choice C rationale
Recording retention of feeding could be relevant in cases where there are concerns about the child’s nutritional status or digestive function. However, in this case, the primary concern is related to the functioning of the VP shunt and the absorption of CSF in the peritoneum. Therefore, while it’s always important to monitor feeding in a child, it is not the most appropriate response in this specific situation.
Choice D rationale
Elevating the child’s head is often done to reduce intracranial pressure, especially in patients with conditions affecting the brain or spinal cord. However, in the context of a child with a VP shunt and increasing abdominal girth, elevating the head would not address the underlying issue of potential malabsorption of CSF in the peritoneum.
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