A nurse is caring for a client who is at 12 weeks of gestation during an initial prenatal visit. The client asks, "What is a normal fetal heart rate?" Which of the following ranges should the nurse provide?

110 to 160/min

100 to 110/min

160 to 190/min

80 to 100/min

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. 110 to 160/min is the normal range for a fetal heart rate at 12 weeks of gestation. The fetal heart rate tends to be higher early in pregnancy and stabilizes within this range by the second trimester.

B. 100 to 110/min is too low for a normal fetal heart rate.

C. 160 to 190/min is above the normal range and may suggest tachycardia, which requires further investigation.

D. 80 to 100/min is too low for a typical fetal heart rate and would be considered bradycardia, which could indicate a concern.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A decrease in saliva production may aggravate the disorder is incorrect. While excessive salivation (ptyalism) is a symptom of hyperemesis gravidarum, a decrease in saliva production is not the primary factor contributing to the disorder.

B. Decreasing gastric secretions lead to increased nausea is incorrect. While nausea and vomiting are key features of hyperemesis gravidarum, the decrease in gastric secretions does not directly cause it. The disorder is typically associated with an increase in hCG, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.

C. An increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels may contribute to this disorder is correct. Hyperemesis gravidarum is often linked to elevated levels of hCG, a hormone produced during pregnancy, which may lead to increased nausea and vomiting.

D. Symptoms begin and are most severe during the second trimester of pregnancy is incorrect. Hyperemesis gravidarum typically presents in the first trimester and may improve after that, although severe cases can last longer.

A. Decreased procoagulant factors during pregnancy increases the risk for blood clots. B. Increased natural anticoagulants during pregnancy increases the risk for blood clots. C. Increased blood plasma volume during pregnancy increases the risk for blood clots. D. Increased platelets during pregnancy increases the risk for blood clots.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Procoagulant factors, not decreased procoagulant factors, increase during pregnancy, which contributes to a hypercoagulable state.

B. Natural anticoagulants, such as antithrombin, tend to decrease during pregnancy, which actually heightens the risk of clot formation rather than mitigating it.

C. Increased blood plasma volume and elevated levels of clotting factors during pregnancy contribute to a hypercoagulable state. This adaptation helps prevent excessive bleeding during childbirth but also increases the risk of thrombosis.

D. Platelet counts do not typically increase during pregnancy; in fact, they may slightly decrease due to hemodilution, though their function remains intact.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is at 12 weeks of gestation during an initial prenatal visit. The client asks, "What is a normal fetal heart rate?" Which of the following ranges should the nurse provide?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching of a newly licensed nurse about hyperemesis gravidarum. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates the reinforced teaching was effective?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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