The nurse is teaching an elderly patient about nail care and hygiene. The nurse should instruct the patient to do which of the following?

(Select all that apply.).

These interventions are appropriate for reducing social isolation in older adult clients who live in a long-term care facility because they provide opportunities for social interaction, support, comfort and familiarity.

Choice A is correct because group activities such as games, music, art or exercise can foster a sense of belonging, enjoyment and engagement among older adults.Group activities can also improve physical and mental health, cognitive function and well-being.

Choice B is correct because encouraging family members or volunteers to visit or call the clients regularly can enhance the quality and quantity of social relationships, which can reduce loneliness and isolation.Family members or volunteers can also provide emotional support, companionship and practical assistance to the clients.

Choice C is correct because creating a homelike environment that promotes comfort, safety and privacy can increase the clients’ satisfaction, autonomy and dignity.A homelike environment can also facilitate social interactions among the clients and the staff by providing common areas, personal belongings and familiar objects.

Choice D is correct because assigning consistent staff members who are familiar with the clients’ needs and preferences can improve the continuity and quality of care, as well as the trust and rapport between the clients and the staff.Consistent staff members can also recognize and respond to the clients’ social needs and preferences, and provide personalized interventions.

Choice E is incorrect because providing feedback or recognition for the clients’ achievements or contributions may not be effective in reducing social isolation, unless it is combined with other interventions that promote social interaction and support.Feedback or recognition alone may not address the underlying causes of social isolation, such as lack of meaningful relationships, low self-esteem or poor health.

Normal ranges for social isolation and loneliness are difficult to define, as they depend on various factors such as individual characteristics, cultural norms and measurement tools.However, some indicators of social isolation include having few or no social contacts, participating in few or no social activities, feeling disconnected from others or society, and having low levels of perceived social support.Some indicators of loneliness include feeling unhappy about one’s social situation, feeling left out or unwanted, lacking companionship or intimacy, and having low levels of perceived belongingness or connectedness.

The correct answer is D.

Delirium.

The nurse should monitor the client for delirium, which is a state of acute mental confusion that can be caused by fever, infection, dehydration, or medications.

Delirium can affect the client’s cognition, attention, orientation, memory, and behavior.It can also increase the risk of falls, complications, and mortality.

Choice A is wrong because dehydration is not a complication of fever, but rather a possible cause of fever.

Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in, and it can impair the body’s ability to regulate its temperature.Dehydration is more common and dangerous in older adults because they have a lower volume of water in their bodies, a weaker thirst response, and may have conditions or medications that increase fluid loss.

Choice B is wrong because hypothermia is not a complication of fever, but rather a condition of abnormally low body temperature.

Hypothermia can occur when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, such as in cold weather or water exposure.Hypothermia can affect the brain, heart, and other organs, and can lead to death if not treated promptly.

Choice C is wrong because seizures are not a common complication of fever in older adults.

Seizures are sudden episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in movement, sensation, behavior, or consciousness.

Seizures can have various causes, such as head injury, stroke, infection, or epilepsy.

Fever-induced seizures are more likely to occur in young children than in older adults.