The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which food item(s) should the nurse instruct the client to avoid in order to assist In controlling the blood pressure? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Packaged meats such as salami and bacon
Grapefruit juice
Canned soups
Fresh fruits
Fresh shellfish
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A reason:
Packaged meats, including salami and bacon, are typically high in sodium, which can contribute to increased blood pressure. The American Heart Association recommends that individuals with hypertension limit their sodium intake to no more than 2,300 milligrams per day, with an ideal limit of no more than 1,500 milligrams for most adults². Since packaged meats are often cured with salt, they can significantly contribute to the daily sodium intake, potentially exacerbating hypertension.
Choice B reason:
Grapefruit juice can interact with certain antihypertensive medications, potentially leading to higher levels of the medication in the bloodstream and an increased risk of side effects¹. This interaction occurs because grapefruit juice can inhibit the action of an enzyme that metabolizes medication, leading to an unintended increase in medication levels.
Choice C reason:
Canned soups are often high in sodium, which can contribute to increased blood pressure. Even low-sodium varieties can still contain significant amounts of sodium. It's important for individuals with hypertension to read labels carefully and choose options with the lowest sodium content possible².
Choice D reason:
Fresh fruits are generally recommended for individuals with hypertension. They are rich in potassium, which can help lower blood pressure by balancing out the negative effects of sodium and easing tension in the blood vessel walls¹. Fresh fruits should not be avoided unless there is a specific reason related to another health condition or medication interaction.
Choice E reason:
Fresh shellfish, like fresh fruits, are typically safe for individuals with hypertension to consume. They provide essential nutrients without the added sodium that is found in processed foods. However, it's important to consume them in moderation and to prepare them without adding excessive salt or high-sodium sauces.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Switching to heparin is not the standard response for a high INR. Heparin may be used in conjunction with warfarin when starting anticoagulation therapy, but it is not typically used as a substitute in response to an elevated INR.
Choice B Reason:
Giving the dose as prescribed would not be appropriate when the INR is significantly above the therapeutic range. Continuing the same dose could increase the risk of bleeding complications.
Choice C Reason:
Increasing the dose would be contraindicated as the INR is already too high. Increasing the warfarin dose would further elevate the INR and increase the risk of bleeding.
Choice D Reason:
Holding the dose is the correct action when the INR is significantly above the therapeutic range, which is generally between 2.0 to 3.0 for most indications. The healthcare provider should be notified, and the warfarin dose should be held until the INR returns to the therapeutic range. Vitamin K may also be administered to help lower the INR more quickly if necessary.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason
Increasing sodium intake is not recommended for patients who have passed a calcium oxalate stone. High sodium intake can increase calcium in the urine, which can contribute to the formation of new stones. Therefore, patients are often advised to limit their sodium intake to reduce the risk of stone recurrence.
Choice B Reason
Considering a move to an area with higher humidity is not a standard recommendation for preventing the recurrence of calcium oxalate stones. While climate can affect hydration levels, it is more important for the patient to focus on direct measures to stay hydrated, such as drinking more fluids.
Choice C Reason
Increasing water intake is a key recommendation for patients who have had calcium oxalate stones. Adequate hydration is essential to dilute the urine, which helps prevent the formation of new stones. Patients are often advised to drink enough water to produce at least 2.5 liters of urine per day.
Choice D Reason
Decreasing the intake of all calcium-rich foods and beverages is not generally recommended for patients with calcium oxalate stones. In fact, a moderate intake of dietary calcium can help reduce the risk of stone formation by binding with oxalate in the intestines, which prevents it from being absorbed into the urine. Patients should consult with a healthcare provider or dietitian to determine the appropriate amount of dietary calcium.
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