The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a group of patients. Which value should be of most concern to the nurse?

Sodium level 140 mEq/L (136-145 mEq/L)

Magnesium level 1.0 mEq/L (1.3-2.1 mEq/L)

Calcium level 10 mg/dL (9-10.5 mg/dL)

Potassium level 3.5 mEq/L (3.5-5 mEq/L)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Sodium level 140 mEq/L (136-145 mEq/L): This sodium level is within the normal range and is not of concern.

B. Magnesium level 1.0 mEq/L (1.3-2.1 mEq/L): This value is below the normal range, indicating hypomagnesemia, which can cause serious complications such as arrhythmias, neuromuscular irritability, and seizures. This is the most concerning value.

C. Calcium level 10 mg/dL (9-10.5 mg/dL): This calcium level is within the normal range and is not concerning.

D. Potassium level 3.5 mEq/L (3.5-5 mEq/L): This potassium level is at the low end of normal. While it is something to monitor, it is not immediately concerning compared to hypomagnesemia.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Have the laboratory draw a blood sample for an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): ESR measures inflammation and is unrelated to hyperkalemia.

B. Restrict fluid intake: Fluid restriction is not appropriate for hyperkalemia unless specifically related to fluid overload or renal failure.

C. Obtain a 12-lead ECG: Hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias such as peaked T waves, widened QRS complexes, or asystole. ECG monitoring is essential.

D. Administer potassium gluconate 40 mEq orally: This would worsen hyperkalemia and is contraindicated.

A. Elevated blood pressure B. Negative Chvostek sign C. Constipation D. Tetany

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Elevated blood pressure: Hypocalcemia is more likely to cause low blood pressure due to its effect on vascular tone and cardiac contractility, not elevated blood pressure.

B. Negative Chvostek sign: A negative Chvostek sign would be expected in clients with normal calcium levels. A positive Chvostek sign (twitching of the facial muscles when tapped) is a sign of hypocalcemia.

C. Constipation: Hypocalcemia does not typically cause constipation. In fact, hypercalcemia can lead to constipation.

D. Tetany: Tetany, which involves muscle cramps and spasms, is a common manifestation of hypocalcemia. It occurs due to increased neuromuscular excitability when calcium levels are low.

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The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a group of patients. Which value should be of most concern to the nurse?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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