The nurse is reviewing the history of a client admitted with newly diagnosed chronic bronchitis. Which question by the nurse confirms this diagnosis?

Have you ever had pneumonia?

Have you had a bronchoscopy in the last month?

Has your cough been consistent for three months in the last two years?

Have you had the flu in the past year?

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Asking if the client has ever had pneumonia does not confirm a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lungs, whereas chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways. While a history of pneumonia might be relevant to the client’s overall respiratory health, it is not specific to diagnosing chronic bronchitis.

Choice B reason: Inquiring about a recent bronchoscopy does not confirm chronic bronchitis. Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to visualize the airways and collect samples, but it is not a criterion for diagnosing chronic bronchitis. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and history rather than recent procedures.

Choice C reason: The question about a consistent cough for three months in the last two years directly relates to the diagnostic criteria for chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is defined by a productive cough that lasts for at least three months in two consecutive years. This question helps to confirm the chronic nature of the client’s symptoms, which is essential for diagnosis.

Choice D reason: Asking if the client has had the flu in the past year does not confirm chronic bronchitis. Influenza is a viral infection that can cause acute respiratory symptoms, but it is not related to the chronic inflammation seen in chronic bronchitis. This question might be relevant for understanding the client’s recent health history but does not aid in diagnosing chronic bronchitis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Hemoglobin, 8.0 g/dL: Hemoglobin is a critical component of red blood cells, responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Normal hemoglobin levels typically range from 13.8 to 17.2 g/dL for men and 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL for women1. A level of 8.0 g/dL is significantly below the normal range, indicating anemia. Severe anemia can increase the risk of perioperative complications, including poor wound healing, increased risk of infection, and cardiovascular stress. Therefore, this result should be reported to the surgeon as it may necessitate postponing the surgery until the anemia is addressed.

Choice B reason:

Serum creatinine, 0.8 mg/dL: Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. Normal serum creatinine levels range from 0.74 to 1.35 mg/dL for men and 0.59 to 1.04 mg/dL for women. A level of 0.8 mg/dL falls within the normal range, indicating normal kidney function. Therefore, this result would not typically cause surgery to be postponed.

Choice C reason:

Platelets, 210,000/mm³: Platelets are essential for blood clotting. Normal platelet counts range from 150,000 to 400,000/mm³. A count of 210,000/mm³ is within the normal range, indicating adequate clotting ability. Thus, this result would not be a reason to postpone surgery.

Choice D reason:

Sodium, 144 mEq/L: Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. Normal sodium levels range from 135 to 145 mEq/L. A level of 144 mEq/L is within the normal range, indicating normal electrolyte balance. Therefore, this result would not typically cause surgery to be postponed.

A. Administer their inhaler medications and increase the oxygen. B. Notify the physician and administer lorazepam. C. Dim the lights and encourage the client to take a nap. D. Sit with the client and provide comfort measures.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Administering inhaler medications and increasing oxygen may be necessary if the client is experiencing respiratory distress. However, since the client is not currently reporting increased dyspnea, this intervention is not immediately required. The focus should be on addressing the client’s anxiety.

Choice B reason:

Notifying the physician and administering lorazepam may be appropriate if the client’s anxiety is severe and not manageable through non-pharmacological means. However, it is generally best to try comfort measures and non-pharmacological interventions first.

Choice C reason:

Dimming the lights and encouraging the client to take a nap can help reduce anxiety, but it may not be the most effective initial intervention. Providing direct comfort and reassurance is often more beneficial in addressing immediate anxiety.

Choice D reason:

Sitting with the client and providing comfort measures is the most appropriate intervention. This approach helps to alleviate anxiety through direct support and reassurance. Techniques such as deep breathing exercises, talking calmly, and providing a comforting presence can significantly reduce anxiety.

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The nurse is reviewing the history of a client admitted with newly diagnosed chronic bronchitis. Which question by the nurse confirms this diagnosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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