The nurse is teaching a client about some of the health consequences of uncontrolled hypertension. What health problems should the nurse describe. (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Retinal Hemorrhage

Ventricular hypertrophy

Cerebrovascular Disease

Venous insufficiency

Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs)

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

A. Retinal Hemorrhage

Uncontrolled hypertension can damage the blood vessels in the eyes, leading to retinal hemorrhages. This can result in vision problems and, in severe cases, vision loss.

B. Ventricular Hypertrophy

Uncontrolled hypertension causes the heart to pump against increased resistance, leading to the thickening and enlargement of the left ventricle. Ventricular hypertrophy is a response to the increased workload on the heart and is associated with an increased risk of heart failure.

C. Cerebrovascular Disease

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, including strokes. Elevated blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in the brain, increasing the risk of stroke. Strokes can have serious consequences, affecting various neurological functions.

D. Venous Insufficiency

Venous insufficiency is not typically directly associated with uncontrolled hypertension. It is more commonly related to problems with the venous system, such as damaged valves in the veins, leading to poor blood flow back to the heart. While hypertension can affect arteries, venous insufficiency is a distinct condition.

E. Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs)

Uncontrolled hypertension increases the risk of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), which are brief episodes of neurological dysfunction caused by temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain. TIAs are often considered warning signs of an increased risk of stroke.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "The test will provide a detailed profile of the heart’s electrical activity."

This statement is inappropriate because transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) primarily provides detailed images of the heart's structure, such as the valves and chambers, rather than focusing on the heart's electrical activity. The assessment of electrical activity is typically associated with electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) rather than echocardiography.

B. "I will need to start an IV in your arm before the test."

This statement is appropriate. It is common for medical procedures, including TEE, to require an intravenous (IV) line for administration of medications or fluids during or after the procedure.

C. "Your throat may be a little sore after the exam."

This statement is appropriate. TEE involves inserting a probe through the esophagus, and it is common for patients to experience a sore throat afterward due to the presence of the probe.

D. "You will need to refrain from eating and drinking 6-8 hours before this test."

This statement is appropriate. It is standard practice to ask patients to fast for a specific period before TEE to minimize the risk of complications, such as aspiration, during the procedure.

A. “I will need to stop smoking because the nicotine causes less blood to flow to my hands and feet.” B. “The older I get the higher my risk for peripheral arterial disease gets.” C. “Since my family is from Italy, I have a higher risk of developing peripheral arterial disease.” D. “I will need to increase the amount of green leafy vegetables I eat to lower my cholesterol levels.”

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. “I will need to stop smoking because the nicotine causes less blood to flow to my hands and feet.”

Explanation: This statement reflects an understanding of the association between smoking and reduced blood flow, particularly due to nicotine's vasoconstrictive effects.

B. “The older I get the higher my risk for peripheral arterial disease gets.”

Explanation: While age is a non-modifiable risk factor for PAD, it is not a statement indicating a change in behavior to address risk factors. It is correct information but doesn't involve a proactive approach to risk reduction.

C. “Since my family is from Italy, I have a higher risk of developing peripheral arterial disease.”

Explanation: Family history is a non-modifiable risk factor, and the statement correctly identifies this risk factor. However, it doesn't address modifiable factors or actions to reduce risk.

D. “I will need to increase the amount of green leafy vegetables I eat to lower my cholesterol levels.”

Explanation: This statement demonstrates an understanding of a dietary modification to lower cholesterol levels, which is a positive step toward reducing a modifiable risk factor for PAD.

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The nurse is teaching a client about some of the health consequences of uncontrolled hypertension. What health problems should the nurse describe. (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with a complex cardiac history is scheduled for transesophageal echocardiography. Which of the following statements, if made by the nurse, is inappropriate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A community health nurse teaches a group of seniors at an assisted living facility about modifiable risk factors that contribute to the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The nurse knows that the teaching was effective based on which of the following statements?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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