The nurse is teaching a client about their medications for a psychological disorder. Which statement should not be included in the client education?
Renal disease may impact drug choice and dose in some clients
These medications have the risk for cytochrome P450 interactions that impact the action of the medication
Psychopharmacological medications have similar dosing across all age groups
Hepatic disease can impact dose
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Renal disease affects drug clearance, particularly for psychopharmacological medications like lithium, which is renally excreted. Impaired renal function can lead to toxicity, necessitating dose adjustments or alternative drugs. This statement is accurate, as renal function is critical in tailoring psychotropic therapy to ensure safety and efficacy.
Choice B reason: Many psychopharmacological drugs, like SSRIs, are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, leading to potential drug interactions. Inhibitors or inducers of these enzymes can alter medication levels, affecting efficacy or toxicity. This statement is accurate, as P450 interactions are a key consideration in psychotropic prescribing.
Choice C reason: Psychopharmacological dosing varies significantly across age groups. Elderly patients often require lower doses due to slower metabolism and higher sensitivity, while children’s doses are weight-based. This statement is inaccurate, as age-specific dosing adjustments are essential to prevent adverse effects and ensure therapeutic efficacy.
Choice D reason: Hepatic disease impacts drug metabolism, particularly for psychotropics like antipsychotics or SSRIs, which are hepatically cleared. Liver dysfunction can increase drug levels, risking toxicity, requiring dose adjustments. This statement is accurate, as hepatic function is a critical factor in psychopharmacological dosing and safety.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Undisplaced fractures, where bone segments remain aligned, heal faster, typically in 6-8 weeks. Minimal disruption to blood supply and periosteum allows efficient callus formation and remodeling. These fractures require less intervention, as the stable bone structure supports osteoblast activity and collagen deposition, leading to quicker recovery.
Choice B reason: Compound (open) fractures, where bone pierces the skin, take the longest to heal, often 3-6 months or more. Open wounds increase infection risk, disrupting blood supply and delaying osteogenesis. Surgical intervention, prolonged immobilization, and potential complications like osteomyelitis further slow the healing process, requiring extensive tissue repair.
Choice C reason: Greenstick fractures, common in children, involve partial bone breaks due to flexible bones. They heal relatively quickly, in 4-8 weeks, as the intact periosteum supports rapid callus formation. The partial break preserves some blood supply, facilitating osteoblast activity and bone remodeling, making healing faster than compound fractures.
Choice D reason: Oblique fractures, with angled breaks, heal in 6-12 weeks, depending on stability. While more complex than undisplaced fractures, they have less soft tissue damage than compound fractures. Blood supply disruption is moderate, and surgical fixation may be needed, but healing is faster than in open fractures due to lower infection risk.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, not primarily an inflammatory disease. While low-grade inflammation may be present in some cases, IBS is characterized by altered gut motility and visceral hypersensitivity without significant inflammatory markers, unlike inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis. This statement is inaccurate.
Choice B reason: Stress is a well-documented trigger for IBS symptoms. The brain-gut axis, involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, modulates gut motility and sensitivity. Psychological stress can exacerbate visceral pain, diarrhea, or constipation by altering neurotransmitter release and gut microbiome interactions, making this statement accurate for IBS pathophysiology.
Choice C reason: IBS treatment focuses on symptom relief, as there is no cure. Strategies include dietary modifications (e.g., low FODMAP diet), antispasmodics, laxatives, or antidiarrheals to manage pain, bloating, and bowel irregularities. This statement is accurate, reflecting the symptomatic approach to improving quality of life in IBS patients.
Choice D reason: IBS symptoms commonly include constipation, diarrhea, or alternating patterns, along with abdominal pain and bloating. These result from dysregulated gut motility and visceral hypersensitivity, affecting the enteric nervous system. This statement is accurate, as variable bowel habits are a hallmark of IBS diagnostic criteria.
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