The nurse is teaching a group of staff nurses about myocarditis. What would the nurse identify as being potential risk factors for this condition? Select All That Apply

Pharmacological toxins

Pleural infusion

Autoimmune disorders

Viral infections

Peripheral vascular disease

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. Pharmacological toxins can contribute to myocarditis, as certain drugs may induce inflammatory responses in the myocardium.

B. Pleural infusion is incorrect. Pleural infusion, or pleural effusion, is not directly associated with myocarditis.

C. Autoimmune disorders such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can predispose individuals to myocarditis due to immune system dysregulation.

D. Viral infections are a major cause of myocarditis, particularly infections like coxsackievirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV.

E. Peripheral vascular disease is incorrect. While peripheral vascular disease is related to poor circulation, it does not directly contribute to the development of myocarditis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. 3% hypertonic saline: In SIADH, the body holds onto too much water, leading to dilutional hyponatremia. Hypertonic saline helps to slowly raise the sodium level and correct the dilution.

B. Normal saline solution: Normal saline (0.9%) would not be effective for SIADH as it is isotonic and would not correct the sodium imbalance.

C. Dextrose 5% in water: This would not be appropriate, as it contains free water and could exacerbate hyponatremia in a client with SIADH.

D. Lactated Ringers: This is an isotonic solution and would not effectively address the dilutional hyponatremia caused by SIADH.

A. The client's head should be turned to the side with the head of the bed elevated 60 degrees. B. The client's head should be placed on a flat pillow with the foot of the bed higher than the head. C. The client should be placed in dorsal recumbent with the head placed on pillows for comfort. D. The head of the bed should be elevated 30 degrees with the head in neutral midline position.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The client's head should be turned to the side with the head of the bed elevated 60 degrees. Elevating the head of the bed too high can cause a decrease in venous return, which can increase intracranial pressure.

B. The client's head should be placed on a flat pillow with the foot of the bed higher than the head. This position would not help with reducing intracranial pressure and may worsen it.

C. The client should be placed in dorsal recumbent with the head placed on pillows for comfort. This position does not provide optimal head elevation to decrease intracranial pressure.

D. The head of the bed should be elevated 30 degrees with the head in neutral midline position. A head elevation of 30 degrees with the head in a neutral midline position is ideal for promoting venous drainage from the brain, which helps reduce intracranial pressure.

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The nurse is teaching a group of staff nurses about myocarditis. What would the nurse identify as being potential risk factors for this condition? Select All That Apply

Nursing Test Bank

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