The nurse is teaching a group of staff nurses about cardiac rhythms. The nurse would indicate that a U wave may indicate which of the following?

Hypokalemia

Hypercalcemia

Hyponatremia

Hyperkalemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Hypokalemia: U waves are often seen on an electrocardiogram in clients with hypokalemia. They represent delayed repolarization of the Purkinje fibers due to low potassium levels.

B. Hypercalcemia: Hypercalcemia affects the QT interval, typically shortening it, but it does not cause U waves.

C. Hyponatremia: Electrocardiographic changes are not commonly associated with hyponatremia.

D. Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia causes peaked T waves, prolonged PR intervals, and wide QRS complexes, not U waves.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The client's blood pressure has decreased since the last visit. Decreased blood pressure is not a typical early sign of mitral valve stenosis.

B. The client's liver is enlarged and the abdomen is edematous. These are signs of more advanced heart failure, which can result from mitral valve stenosis but are not early indicators.

C. The client has jugular vein distention and 3+ pedal edema. Jugular vein distention and pedal edema are later signs of heart failure caused by mitral valve stenosis, not early signs.

D. The client complains of shortness of breath when walking. Shortness of breath on exertion is an early sign of mitral valve stenosis as the left atrium is unable to effectively pump blood into the left ventricle, leading to pulmonary congestion and difficulty breathing.

A. Restlessness B. Decreased appetite C. Skin pallor D. Anuria

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Restlessness: This may occur in the pre-active phase of dying but is not specific to the actively dying phase.

B. Decreased appetite: A reduced appetite is common earlier in the dying process, not specific to the actively dying phase.

C. Skin pallor: Skin changes, such as pallor, occur earlier; mottling is more indicative of the actively dying phase.

D. Anuria: Anuria (absence of urine output) is a hallmark sign of multisystem failure and the actively dying phase.

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The nurse is teaching a group of staff nurses about cardiac rhythms. The nurse would indicate that a U wave may indicate which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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