The nurse is teaching an adolescent girl about appropriate food choices.


Which of the following best explains how to answer Questions based on cognitive development?

Choice A rationale

While positioning to prevent fluid accumulation in the middle ear is important in the care of a newborn with a cleft lip and palate, it is not the first priority. Middle ear infections are common in children with cleft palate because the muscles that open the eustachian tubes (which drain fluid from the middle ear) may not work well. However, this is typically addressed after feeding issues are managed.

Choice B rationale

Facilitating immediate repair of the cleft palate to ease feeding difficulties is important, but it is not the first priority. Surgery to repair cleft palate is usually done when the child is older,

between 6 and 12 months of age. The timing of surgery depends on the child’s overall health and the type and severity of the cleft.

Choice C rationale

Assisting the mother to bond with the baby by providing emotional support is an important aspect of care. However, it is not the first priority. The initial focus is on addressing the baby’s immediate physical needs, such as feeding and breathing.

Choice D rationale

Establishing adequate feeding and sucking is the first priority when caring for a newborn with a cleft lip and palate. Babies with a cleft palate may have difficulty creating enough suction to breastfeed or bottle-feed effectively. Special feeding techniques and equipment may be needed to help these babies get enough nutrition.

Choice A rationale

Adding a school breakfast program is a crucial step in promoting health and wellness in schools. It ensures that all students, regardless of their socioeconomic status, start their day with a nutritious meal. This can improve their concentration, cognitive function, and academic performance.

Choice B rationale

Reducing saturated fat in the school lunch offering is another important measure. High intake of saturated fats is associated with increased risk of heart disease and obesity. By offering meals low in saturated fats, schools can help instill healthy eating habits in students.

Choice C rationale

Calorically sweetened beverages are not recommended for inclusion in school health and wellness programs. These beverages are high in sugar and can contribute to obesity, tooth decay, and other health problems.

Choice D rationale

Making fruits or vegetables available with all meals is a key part of a balanced diet. They provide essential vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, and their consumption can help prevent chronic diseases.

Choice E rationale

Offering after-school physical fitness activities can help students meet the recommended levels of physical activity, improve their physical fitness, and reduce the risk of obesity. These activities also provide opportunities for social interaction and skill development.