The nurse is teaching an adult client with Type 1 diabetes that causes for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

an upper urinary tract infection

decreased caloric intake

aerobic exercise

clogged tubing of a subcutaneous insulin pump

not taking sufficient insulin

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A.   Infections, including urinary tract infections, can increase insulin resistance and elevate blood glucose levels, potentially leading to DKA. The stress response from infection can also increase cortisol levels, further contributing to hyperglycemia.
B.   Decreased caloric intake can lead to inadequate insulin levels relative to the body’s needs. In Type 1 diabetes, if insulin is not sufficient to metabolize glucose (due to low intake or other reasons), the body may resort to fat metabolism, leading to the production of ketones and the development of DKA.
C.   While exercise can affect blood glucose levels, it typically lowers them and is not a direct cause of DKA. In fact, moderate aerobic exercise is usually encouraged for managing diabetes. However, if blood glucose levels are already high before exercise, it may exacerbate the situation, but aerobic exercise itself is not a cause of DKA.
D.   Clogged tubing can prevent insulin delivery, leading to insufficient insulin levels. This lack of insulin can result in elevated blood glucose levels and, ultimately, the risk of DKA if not addressed.
E.   Not taking enough insulin is a primary cause of DKA in Type 1 diabetes. Without adequate insulin, the body cannot utilize glucose properly, leading to increased fat metabolism and the production of ketones, which can cause DKA.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While claudication (muscle cramps with exercise) is common in earlier stages of PAD, it typically occurs in stage II. In stage III, pain often occurs at rest rather than with exertion.
B. In stage III PAD, patients often report rest pain, which can manifest as burning pain in the legs or feet, particularly at night when lying down. This is a hallmark symptom of advanced PAD due to inadequate blood flow.
C. While diminished pulses (like +1) can be found in PAD, this finding alone is not specific to stage III. In advanced stages, pulses may be even weaker or absent.
D. Blackened tissue (necrosis or gangrene) indicates a more severe stage (stage IV) of PAD, where there is critical limb ischemia and tissue death due to a lack of blood flow. Stage III may involve severe pain but usually does not have necrosis.

A. infectious agent and reservoir. B. portal of exit and mode of transmission. C. mode of transmission and portal of entry. D. susceptible host and infectious agent.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This option refers to the pathogens themselves (infectious agents) and the places where they live and multiply (reservoirs). Washing hands does not directly affect the relationship between these two.
B. The portal of exit refers to how an infectious agent leaves the reservoir (e.g., through feces, urine, etc.), and the mode of transmission refers to how the agent spreads (e.g., via hands, surfaces, etc.). Handwashing helps reduce the potential for pathogens to be transmitted but does not specifically break the chain between these two links.
C. Handwashing after using the bathroom effectively breaks the chain of infection by interrupting the mode of transmission (direct contact with contaminated hands) and preventing pathogens from entering another person's body (portal of entry). By cleaning hands, the risk of spreading infectious agents to others is significantly reduced.

D. This option refers to the relationship between a person who is vulnerable to infection (susceptible host) and the pathogens that cause disease (infectious agents). While handwashing helps prevent infections, it primarily acts on the transmission aspect rather than directly affecting susceptibility.

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The nurse is teaching an adult client with Type 1 diabetes that causes for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The client's chart indicates the diagnosis of stage III peripheral arterial disease. Which nursing assessment finding correlates with this diagnosis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse recognizes that teaching a client to wash the hands after using the bathroom is an attempt to break the chain of infection between the:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is teaching an adult client with Type 1 diabetes that causes for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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