The nurse is teaching an adult client with Type 1 diabetes that causes for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

an upper urinary tract infection

decreased caloric intake

aerobic exercise

clogged tubing of a subcutaneous insulin pump

not taking sufficient insulin

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A.   Infections, including urinary tract infections, can increase insulin resistance and elevate blood glucose levels, potentially leading to DKA. The stress response from infection can also increase cortisol levels, further contributing to hyperglycemia.
B.   Decreased caloric intake can lead to inadequate insulin levels relative to the body’s needs. In Type 1 diabetes, if insulin is not sufficient to metabolize glucose (due to low intake or other reasons), the body may resort to fat metabolism, leading to the production of ketones and the development of DKA.
C.   While exercise can affect blood glucose levels, it typically lowers them and is not a direct cause of DKA. In fact, moderate aerobic exercise is usually encouraged for managing diabetes. However, if blood glucose levels are already high before exercise, it may exacerbate the situation, but aerobic exercise itself is not a cause of DKA.
D.   Clogged tubing can prevent insulin delivery, leading to insufficient insulin levels. This lack of insulin can result in elevated blood glucose levels and, ultimately, the risk of DKA if not addressed.
E.   Not taking enough insulin is a primary cause of DKA in Type 1 diabetes. Without adequate insulin, the body cannot utilize glucose properly, leading to increased fat metabolism and the production of ketones, which can cause DKA.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While anxiety can exacerbate feelings of breathlessness, treating anxiety does not address the
underlying issue of respiratory distress. It is important to first stabilize the client’s respiratory condition
before managing anxiety.
B. Auscultating breath sounds can provide valuable information regarding the client’s respiratory status. However, in an emergency situation, immediate interventions to stabilize the client should take precedence over assessments, especially since the vital signs indicate significant distress.

C. Elevating the head of the bed can help improve respiratory effort by allowing better lung expansion and reducing the work of breathing. Given the client’s low oxygen saturation and signs of respiratory distress, this intervention can provide immediate relief and improve oxygenation.
D. While this may be necessary if the client's condition worsens or does not improve, it is not the first action to take. Preparing for mechanical ventilation is a more advanced intervention and should only occur after initial stabilization efforts have been made.

A. ease with which a prosthesis can be fitted. B. adequacy of the blood supply to the stump for healing. C. need to remove as much of the leg as possible. D. client's ability to walk with a prosthesis.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While the ease of fitting a prosthesis is a consideration, it is not the main factor. The level of amputation is primarily determined by medical considerations, particularly related to health and healing.
B. This is the primary determinant for the level of amputation. Surgeons aim to preserve as much limb length as possible while ensuring that the remaining tissue has adequate blood supply for healing.

Insufficient blood supply can lead to complications, including poor healing and infection, making this a critical factor in deciding the amputation level.
C. This option suggests a more aggressive approach than necessary. The goal is to remove only as much of the limb as required to address the medical issue (e.g., disease, trauma) while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible for optimal healing and function.
D. While a client’s functional ability with a prosthesis is an important consideration in rehabilitation planning, it is not the main factor in deciding the surgical level of amputation. The decision about how much limb to remove is made based on medical criteria, particularly healing potential.

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The nurse is teaching an adult client with Type 1 diabetes that causes for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client who is to have an amputation of the lower extremity asks the nurse. "How much of my leg will the doctor have to amputate?" The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that the level of amputation is determined by the:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client on glipizide, a sulfonylurea, reports to the nurse feeling anxious, sweaty & has a headache. The nurse's initial action is to:

A client with an above the knee amputation asks the nurse why the stump needs to be wrapped with an elastic bandage. The nurse explains that it:

The nurse is teaching an adult client with Type 1 diabetes that causes for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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The client diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has a new prescription for clopidogrel. What information should the nurse include when teaching the client about this medication?