A 9-year-old client with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) has been referred to a child psychologist due to frequent outbursts and defiant behavior at home and school. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize to help manage the child's behavior effectively?

Use physical restraints during severe outbursts to ensure safety.

Assign daily chores that are challenging to encourage discipline.

Encourage solitary play to reduce social stressors.

Put into practice consistent consequences for rule-breaking behavior.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Use physical restraints during severe outbursts to ensure safety: Restraints should only be used as a last resort and are not an effective or ethical primary strategy for managing behavior in children with ODD.
B. Assign daily chores that are challenging to encourage discipline: Assigning overly challenging chores may lead to frustration and non-compliance, exacerbating behavioral issues rather than helping.
C. Encourage solitary play to reduce social stressors: Isolating the child may worsen feelings of exclusion and does not address the need for social skills development and appropriate behavior in social contexts.
D. Put into practice consistent consequences for rule-breaking behavior: Consistency in consequences helps the child understand boundaries and the importance of following rules, which is crucial for managing behavior in ODD.

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Correct Answer is []

Explanation

Complication: Otitis Media

Anatomical Changes:

Small external ear structure: Infants born with a cleft palate often have smaller external ear structures, which can affect the drainage of fluids and increase the risk of infections.
Horizontal eustachian tubes: Eustachian tubes in individuals with cleft palate are typically more horizontal than normal, impairing the drainage of fluid from the middle ear.
Large tongue: A large tongue may obstruct the upper airway and interfere with normal swallowing and speaking functions.

Complication: Otitis Media

Due to the anatomical changes associated with cleft palate, such as horizontal eustachian tubes and impaired drainage, individuals are prone to recurrent middle ear infections (otitis media). These infections can lead to fluid accumulation behind the eardrum, which can further impair hearing and potentially lead to more serious complications if untreated.

Priority Interventions:

Ear drops (for otitis media): Ear drops containing antibiotics may be prescribed to treat bacterial infections in the middle ear, which are common in individuals with cleft palate.
- Rationale: Ear drops help to directly treat the infection in the ear canal and middle ear, reducing inflammation and preventing complications such as hearing loss or spread of infection.
Corticosteroids (for inflammation): Corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation in the ear canal and middle ear, particularly in cases of severe otitis media.
- Rationale: Corticosteroids help to decrease swelling and inflammation, which can improve symptoms and aid in the healing process of the ear.

A. Wash the cord daily with mild soap and water. B. Cover the cord with the diaper. C. Apply petroleum jelly to the cord stump. D. Give a sponge bath until the cord stump falls off.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Wash the cord daily with mild soap and water. Incorrect because keeping the area dry is crucial; soap can irritate the area.
B. Cover the cord with the diaper. Incorrect because it may trap moisture and cause irritation or infection.
C. Apply petroleum jelly to the cord stump. Incorrect because this may keep the area too moist and prevent it from drying and falling off naturally.
D. Give a sponge bath until the cord stump falls off. This prevents the cord from getting wet, which can increase the risk of infection and delay drying and detachment.

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A 9-year-old client with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) has been referred to a child psychologist due to frequent outbursts and defiant behavior at home and school. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize to help manage the child's behavior effectively?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Identify a complication resulting from a cleft palate, the anatomical changes that lead to the complication, and the priority interventions for care.

Correct Answer is []

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a newborn's parent to care for the umbilical cord stump. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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