The nurse knows which congenital cardiac defect is characterized by a mixing of well-oxygenated blood with poorly oxygenated blood.
Hypoplastic heart syndrome
Atrioventricular canal defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
Coarctation of the aorta
The Correct Answer is B
A. Hypoplastic heart syndrome: Characterized by underdevelopment of the left side of the heart, not mixing of blood.
B. Atrioventricular canal defect: An atrioventricular canal defect allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix due to the presence of a common atrioventricular valve and defects in the atrial and ventricular septa. This defect results in a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, which can cause varying levels of oxygenation in the blood delivered to the body.
C. Tetralogy of Fallot: Involves a ventricular septal defect leading to right-to-left shunting, but not a direct mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
D. Coarctation of the aorta: Involves narrowing of the aorta, not mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Umbilical cord compression. This typically results in variable decelerations, not late decelerations.
B. Fetal head compression. This is usually associated with early decelerations.
C. Uteroplacental insufficiency. Late decelerations occur after the peak of contractions and are indicative of insufficient blood flow and oxygen to the fetus, suggesting a problem with the placenta's ability to provide adequate oxygen.
D. Maternal bradycardia. Maternal bradycardia does not cause fetal decelerations.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Sole creases on heels. Sole creases are a sign of maturity and are usually present in full-term infants, not preterm.
B. Ruddy skin color. This is more common in infants with polycythemia or those who are small for gestational age, not specifically linked to prematurity.
C. Flexion of all four extremities. Premature infants typically have less muscle tone and may exhibit less flexion, often appearing more limp or having extended extremities.
D. Scant amount of vernix caseosa. Premature infants typically have more vernix caseosa, which protects their delicate skin in utero. The amount decreases closer to full term, but at 31 weeks, there may still be a moderate amount.
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