The nurse plans to teach a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus how to inject insulin. Upon entering the room with the injection supplies, the nurse finds the client in tears. How should the nurse respond?

"Would you like to talk about what is bothering you?"

"Do you feel like practicing insulin injections now?"

"I know you are afraid, but I am here to help you."

"Before you can go home you must learn how to give insulin."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "Would you like to talk about what is bothering you?" This empathetic approach acknowledges the client's emotional state and opens the door for them to express their concerns, which might be related to the diagnosis, fear of injections, or other anxieties.

B. "Do you feel like practicing insulin injections now?" This disregards the client's emotional state and might be perceived as insensitive.

C. "I know you are afraid, but I am here to help you." While offering reassurance, it assumes the client's fear without allowing them to express their emotions.

D. "Before you can go home you must learn how to give insulin." This is a directive and doesn't address the client's emotional response. It's important to prioritize addressing their concerns before proceeding with teaching.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Assess daily alcohol intake: Alcohol misuse can contribute to a variety of psychiatric symptoms, including hallucinations or delusions. Older adults may metabolize alcohol differently, leading to higher susceptibility to its effects. While this is important, it may not be the first priority unless there are clear signs of alcohol misuse (e.g., smell of alcohol, history provided by the client or family).

B. Identify signs of depression: Depression in older adults can sometimes present with psychotic features, including hallucinations or delusions. Understanding the client's emotional state and identifying symptoms of depression can provide insight into the cause of their behaviour. Depression is common in older adults and can be a precursor or a component of other psychiatric conditions.

C. Determine cognitive status: Cognitive impairment (e.g., dementia) can often present with hallucinations or delusions, and evaluating cognitive status can help differentiate between different types of disorders (e.g., dementia vs. primary psychotic disorders). Assessing cognitive function helps in identifying conditions like Alzheimer's disease or other dementias where hallucinations can be a symptom. This assessment can guide the further direction of evaluation and treatment, making it a critical first step.

D. Review risk factors for abuse: Older adults are at risk of abuse, which can include physical, emotional, and financial abuse. Identifying these risk factors is crucial for their safety and well-being. While this is a significant concern, unless there are immediate signs or disclosures of abuse, it may not be the most urgent assessment in the context of hallucinations.

A. Explain to the client the possible causes of dyspnea or "shortness of breath." B. Ask the client to describe the episodes of dyspnea in more detail. C. Document "dyspnea on exertion" in the client's medical record. D. Ask the client to perform light exercise and observe the respiratory effort.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Explain to the client the possible causes of dyspnea or "shortness of breath.": While the nurse might eventually explain this, it's premature without more information about the client's specific shortness of breath experience.

B. Ask the client to describe the episodes of dyspnea in more detail: This is the most appropriate next step. Understanding the characteristics, triggers, and severity of the dyspnea will help determine the cause and guide further assessment.

C. Document "dyspnea on exertion" in the client's medical record: The client only reports experiencing shortness of breath "at times," not necessarily with exertion. More details are needed before documenting.

D. Ask the client to perform light exercise and observe the respiratory effort: This could worsen the client's condition if the shortness of breath is severe. Observation during rest provides a safer approach initially.

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The nurse plans to teach a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus how to inject insulin. Upon entering the room with the injection supplies, the nurse finds the client in tears. How should the nurse respond?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An older adult client who has been talking to the client's deceased mother is referred to the psychiatric clinic for an evaluation. Which assessment should the nurse complete first?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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