The nurse should first address the client’s

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followed by the client’s

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.

Choice A rationale

Serving soup in a mug promotes independence and is less likely to spill compared to a bowl, which is beneficial for a client with dementia who may have fine motor skill deficits. This action simplifies the eating process, reducing frustration and increasing the likelihood of successful nutrient intake. This is part of providing a safe and dignified environment for the patient.

Choice B rationale

Allowing a client with dementia to cut their own food can be dangerous due to impaired judgment, cognitive decline, and potential motor skill deficits, which increase the risk of injury. Providing pre-cut food is a safety measure that prevents accidental cuts or choking, ensuring the client's well-being and reducing caregiver burden.

Choice C rationale

Colorful, patterned dishes can cause perceptual distortions and visual confusion for a client with dementia due to changes in depth perception and visual-spatial processing. This can make it difficult for them to distinguish the food from the plate, leading to decreased food intake and increased frustration. It is better to use plain, solid-colored dishes.

Choice D rationale

Withholding fluids while a client is eating increases the risk of dehydration and can make swallowing solid foods more difficult, potentially leading to aspiration. It is important to encourage fluid intake throughout the meal to aid in chewing and swallowing, which supports hydration and nutritional status. *.

The correct order is A, D, B, E, C.

Step 1 (A): Verify the clarity and color of the eye drops. The nurse must first ensure the medication is not expired, contaminated, or discolored before beginning the procedure to ensure client safety.

Step 2 (D): Tilt the client's head backward toward the ceiling. This positioning uses gravity to help the medication stay in the eye and makes the conjunctival sac more accessible for administration.

Step 3 (B): Pull the client's lower lid down with the nondominant hand. This action creates a small pocket (the conjunctival sac) where the medication can be safely deposited without touching the cornea.

Step 4 (E): Administer the prescribed number of drops. The nurse should hold the dropper about 1 to 2 cm above the conjunctival sac and instill the drops, being careful not to touch the eye or eyelashes with the dropper tip.

Step 5 (C): Apply gentle pressure to the client's punctum. This final step, called nasolacrimal occlusion, should be maintained for 1 to 2 minutes to prevent systemic absorption of the medication through the tear duct.