The nurse should recognize which pathophysiologic disease process(es) is/are related to an altered immune system? (Select all that apply)

Rheumatoid arthritis.

Emphysema.

Addison disease.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

Choice A reason: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks synovial joints, causing inflammation and destruction. This altered immune response, driven by autoantibodies like rheumatoid factor, leads to chronic joint damage, aligning with diseases involving immune dysregulation, per rheumatology evidence.

Choice B reason: Emphysema, a COPD subtype, results from alveolar destruction due to smoking or environmental exposures, not immune dysregulation. While inflammation occurs, it is not primarily autoimmune. Emphysema’s pathophysiology involves protease imbalance, not altered immunity, making it incorrect for diseases related to immune system alterations.

Choice C reason: Addison disease involves adrenal insufficiency, often autoimmune, but primarily affects hormone production, not immune system activity. The immune attack on adrenal glands is a cause, not the ongoing disease process. This makes it less directly related to altered immunity compared to RA, T1DM, or GBS.

Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune condition where the immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency. This immune-mediated attack, involving T-cells and autoantibodies, directly reflects altered immunity, making it a key example of an immune-related disease, per endocrinology evidence.

Choice E reason: Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks peripheral nerves, causing demyelination and weakness. This post-infectious immune dysregulation, often triggered by molecular mimicry, directly involves altered immunity, aligning with the pathophysiology of immune-related diseases, per neurological evidence.

Nursing Test Bank

Quiz #1: RN Exams Pharmacology Exams Quiz #2: RN Exams Medical-Surgical Exams Quiz #3: RN Exams Fundamentals Exams Quiz #4: RN Exams Maternal-Newborn Exams Quiz #5: RN Exams Anatomy and Physiology Exams Quiz #6: RN Exams Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Quiz #7: RN Exams Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Quiz #8: RN Exams Community Health Exams Quiz #9: RN Exams Promoting Health across the lifespan Exams Quiz #10: RN Exams Multidimensional care Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Quiz #1: Naxlex RN Comprehensive online practice 2019 B with NGN Quiz #2: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quiz #3: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Exit Exam A Quiz #4: Naxlex HESI Exit LPN Exam Quiz #5: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor PN 2020 Quiz #6: Naxlex VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Quiz #8: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 - Exam 1 Quiz #10: Naxlex HESI PN Exit exam Quiz #11: Naxlex HESI PN EXIT Exam 2

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Macrophages, lymph, and cytokines are part of the innate immune response, acting after pathogens breach initial barriers. First-line defenses are physical and chemical barriers like mucosa and secretions, not immune cells or fluids. This choice represents secondary defenses, making it incorrect for the primary barrier role.

Choice B reason: Lung epithelium, gastric mucosa, and tears are first-line defenses, preventing pathogen entry. Lung cilia trap microbes, gastric acid kills bacteria, and tears’ lysozymes neutralize pathogens. These physical and chemical barriers form the body’s initial protection, aligning with immunology principles for primary defense against infection.

Choice C reason: Interferon, T cells, and neutrophils are part of adaptive and innate immunity, activated after pathogen penetration. First-line defenses involve barriers like mucosa, not immune mediators or cells. This choice describes secondary immune responses, making it incorrect for the initial protective structures in humans.

Choice D reason: Thymus, bone marrow, and pancreas are involved in immune cell production and metabolism, not direct pathogen defense. First-line defenses are external barriers like lung epithelium or tears. These internal organs support immunity but are not primary barriers, making this incorrect for first-line defense structures.

A. Bone reabsorption exceeds bone formation which leads to an increase in bone fragility. B. Repetitive stress initiates a cascade leading to protease destruction of joints’ cartilage surfaces. C. T-cells generate cytokine production and antigen-antibody reactions that trigger inflammatory responses. D. Imbalance of uric acid metabolism deposits urate crystals in joint tissues which leads to inflammation.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Bone reabsorption exceeding formation describes osteoporosis, not rheumatoid arthritis. RA involves autoimmune inflammation of synovial joints, driven by cytokines and T-cells, not primary bone fragility. This choice is incorrect, as it misrepresents RA’s immune-mediated synovial pathology with a bone density disorder.

Choice B reason: Repetitive stress may cause osteoarthritis, not RA. RA is an autoimmune condition where T-cells and cytokines attack synovium, causing inflammation and cartilage damage. Stress may exacerbate symptoms, but it is not the primary mechanism, making this incorrect for RA’s pathophysiological explanation.

Choice C reason: RA’s pathophysiology involves T-cells producing cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) and antigen-antibody reactions, triggering synovial inflammation. This autoimmune process causes wrist swelling and joint damage, as seen in the client. This mechanism accurately explains RA’s inflammatory nature, per rheumatology evidence, and is appropriate for client education.

Choice D reason: Uric acid imbalance and urate crystal deposition cause gout, not RA. RA is driven by autoimmune T-cell and cytokine activity, not crystal-induced inflammation. This choice is incorrect, as it describes a different arthritic condition unrelated to the client’s autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis pathology.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

The nurse should recognize which pathophysiologic disease process(es) is/are related to an altered immune system? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which structures other than the skin are considered to be the “first line” of defense in humans?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A female client with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) comes to the clinic with swelling of her wrists after she braced herself against a fall in the bathroom. Which pathophysiological mechanism should the nurse explain to the client regarding RA?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is preparing a female client with Addison’s disease for self-care after discharge. Which is the pathophysiological basis to support the need for the client to carry a cortisol kit at all times?

The laboratory findings of a client with cirrhosis of the liver indicate high serum ammonia levels. As a result of this increased ammonia level, which symptom is this client likely to exhibit?

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with renal calculi. Which pathophysiologic change occurs as renal calculi move through the urinary tract?

The nurse is assessing a client’s skin and notices a raised nodule on the right forearm that is tender and filled with purulent secretions. The healthcare provider (HCP) diagnosed the abscess as a furuncle. Which pathological etiology places the client at risk for the development of a furuncle?

The nurse should recognize which pathophysiologic disease process(es) is/are related to an altered immune system? (Select all that apply)

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with primary hypertension. Which pathophysiological mechanism does the nurse recognize as the cause of primary hypertension?

Which factor in the history of a client with diabetes mellitus increases the client’s risk for nephropathy?

The parents of a child newly diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) are concerned about the secretions and respiratory issues their child is experiencing. Which pathophysiological process should the nurse use to respond to the parents?