The occupational health nurse holds a flu vaccine clinic. This is an example of which level of prevention?

Choice A reason: Delaying political involvement until after orientation sidesteps its ongoing relevance. Nurses influence health policy, like staffing laws, impacting client care quality. This dismisses how advocacy shapes ethical practice, limiting systemic improvements beyond individual clinical skills alone comprehensively over time.

Choice B reason: Claiming clinical excellence fulfills all obligations ignores broader ethical duties. Politics shapes healthcare access, like funding for underserved areas. Focusing solely on bedside care neglects advocacy’s role in addressing systemic inequities affecting client outcomes long-term fundamentally across populations.

Choice C reason: Reducing political action to ANA fees minimizes its scope. True involvement, like lobbying for safety laws, directly impacts clients. Passive membership doesn’t address ethical needs for active policy influence on care quality and access beyond mere financial support alone.

Choice D reason: Political action fulfills ethical duties by advocating for clients’ rights, like better resources or laws. It extends care beyond the bedside, addressing systemic issues—e.g., opioid crisis policies—ensuring justice and beneficence in healthcare delivery comprehensively for all affected populations effectively.

Choice A reason: Costs aren’t low; U.S. spends high with mixed health outcomes. This errors per public health data. It’s universally distinct, contradicting actual cost and health indicator trends.

Choice B reason: U.S. has the highest health costs globally, yet health indicators lag. This aligns with nursing knowledge. It’s universally recognized, distinctly accurate per current health economics.

Choice C reason: Health indicators aren’t tops despite high costs; this is false. This misaligns with public health facts. It’s universally distinct, errors in outcome assessment.

Choice D reason: Costs aren’t low, and outcomes aren’t solely poor due to cost. This errors per health data. It’s universally distinct, misrepresenting U.S. health care reality.