The parent of a toddler calls the nurse, asking about croup. What is a distinguishing manifestation of croup?
Stridor
Wheezes
Crackles
Rhonchi
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Stridor is a high-pitched, harsh sound that occurs during inspiration. It is caused by the narrowing of the upper airway due to inflammation and edema. Stridor is a characteristic sign of croup, also known as laryngotracheobronchitis.
Choice B reason: Wheezes are high-pitched, musical sounds that occur during expiration. They are caused by the narrowing of the lower airway due to bronchoconstriction or mucus. Wheezes are more common in asthma than in croup.
Choice C reason: Crackles are fine, crackling sounds that occur during inspiration. They are caused by the opening of collapsed or fluid-filled alveoli. Crackles are more common in pneumonia or heart failure than in croup.
Choice D reason: Rhonchi are low-pitched, snoring sounds that occur during expiration. They are caused by the vibration of mucus in the large airways. Rhonchi are more common in bronchitis or cystic fibrosis than in croup.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: The child has a high fever is not a correct answer because fever is not a specific sign of croup. Fever can occur in many respiratory infections, such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or tonsillitis.
Choice B reason: Wheezing is heard audibly is not a correct answer because wheezing is not a characteristic feature of croup. Wheezing is more common in asthma or bronchiolitis, which affect the lower airways.
Choice C reason: It is bacterial in nature is not a correct answer because croup is usually caused by a virus, such as parainfluenza, adenovirus, or respiratory syncytial virus. Bacterial croup is rare and more severe, requiring hospitalization and antibiotics.
Choice D reason: It has a harsh, barking cough is the correct answer because it is the most distinctive symptom of croup. The cough is caused by the inflammation and narrowing of the larynx and trachea, which produce a sound similar to a seal's bark.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Emancipation is the legal process of granting a minor the rights and responsibilities of an adult. It is not related to the process of obtaining agreement from a child for medical treatment or research.
Choice B reason: Informed consent is the process of obtaining permission from a competent individual for medical treatment or research, after providing them with adequate information about the risks and benefits. It is not applicable to children who are not legally capable of giving consent.
Choice C reason: Assent is the process of obtaining agreement from a child for medical treatment or research, after explaining the procedures and outcomes in a developmentally appropriate way. It is an ethical requirement for involving children in health care decisions that affect them.
Choice D reason: Confidentiality is the principle of protecting the privacy of personal information of patients or research participants. It is not the same as obtaining agreement from a child for medical treatment or research.
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