The parents of a child with acid-base imbalance ask the nurse about mechanisms that regulate acid-base balance. Which statement by the nurse accurately explains the mechanisms regulating acid-base balance in children?
The cardiovascular and integumentary systems
The respiratory, renal, and chemical-buffering systems
The kidneys balance acid: the lungs balance base.
The skin, kidney, and endocrine systems
The Correct Answer is B
The regulation of acid-base balance in the body involves multiple systems working together. The respiratory system, renal system, and chemical-buffering systems play key roles in maintaining the balance of acids and bases in the body.
The respiratory system helps regulate acid-base balance through the control of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood. By adjusting the rate and depth of breathing, the respiratory system can increase or decrease the elimination of CO2, which affects the pH of the blood.
The renal system (kidneys) plays a crucial role in regulating acid-base balance by controlling the excretion and reabsorption of hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the urine. The kidneys can excrete excess acids or bases to help maintain the body's pH within a normal range.
The chemical-buffering systems involve various chemical compounds in the body that can absorb or release hydrogen ions to help maintain pH balance. Examples of chemical buffers include bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), phosphate ions (HPO4-), and proteins.
the cardiovascular and integumentary systemin (option A) is incorrect because they, are not primarily responsible for regulating acid-base balance in the body.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The best response for the nurse to give a parent regarding contacting the physician about an
infant with diarrhea is option B. In infants, dehydration can occur quickly, and a decrease in
urine output is an important indicator of fluid imbalance. Not having a wet diaper for 6 hours
can be a sign of inadequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss, which warrants contacting the
paediatrician for further assessment and guidance.
"Call the doctor immediately if the infant has a temperature greater than 100° F,"in (option
A) is incorrect because it is not directly related to the concern of diarrhea. While a high fever
can be a sign of an underlying infection, it is not the primary concern in this case.
"The paediatrician should be contacted if the infant has two loose stools in an 8-hour
period,” in (option B) is incorrect because it may not necessarily require immediate medical
attention. While increased frequency of stools can be concerning, the absence of urine output
is a more critical indicator of dehydration.
"Notify the paediatrician if the infant naps more than 2 hours," in (option D) is incorrect
because it is unrelated to the concern of diarrhea and dehydration.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Hydrocephalus refers to a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation ofcerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain. In infants, hydrocephalus cancause the head to enlarge rapidly as a result of the increased pressure exerted by theaccumulatingfluid.Thisisknownas"rapidheadgrowth."Theincreasedintracranialpressurecanlead to irritabilityand poorappetite in infants.
The distended scalp veins are another common sign of hydrocephalus. As the fluidaccumulates,itputs pressureon thebloodvessels inthe brain,causingtheveinsin thescalptobecome morevisible and distended.
Cerebral palsy in (option A) is incorrect because is a neurological disorder that affects bodymovementandmusclecoordination,butitdoesnottypicallypresentwithrapid headgrowthordistended scalp veins.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in (option B) is incorrect becauseitisacondition characterized byexcessivesecretionofantidiuretichormone,leadingtofluidimbalance, but it does not usually cause rapid head growth or distended scalp veins. Reye'ssyndrome (D) is a rare condition that primarily affects the liver and brain, and it does nottypicallypresent with rapid headgrowthor distended scalp veins.
Therefore, based on the signs described, hydrocephalus (C) is the most likely disorder in thiscase.Itisimportantto seekmedicalattentionpromptlyforaproperdiagnosisand appropriatemanagementofhydrocephalus in infants.
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