The patient asks the nurse what the P Wave indicates on an EKG strip. The nurse informs the patient that the P Wave represents:
The time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization (diastole)
Time taken for impulse to spread to the point immediately preceding ventricular contraction
Time taken for depolarization (contraction) of both ventricles (systole)
Passage of electrical impulse through the atrium causing atrial depolarization
The Correct Answer is D
A) The time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization (diastole):
This refers to the period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization, which is associated with the QT interval on the EKG, not the P wave. The P wave specifically relates to atrial depolarization, not the ventricular activity. Diastole refers to the relaxation phase of the heart cycle, and it’s not directly linked to the P wave, which represents atrial contraction.
B) Time taken for impulse to spread to the point immediately preceding ventricular contraction:
The P wave represents the depolarization (or contraction) of the atria, not the time taken for the impulse to spread to the ventricles. The time taken for the impulse to spread through the atria, across the AV node, and down to the ventricles is better represented by the PR interval, not the P wave itself.
C) Time taken for depolarization (contraction) of both ventricles (systole):
This describes the QRS complex, which represents the depolarization (contraction) of the ventricles during systole, not the P wave. The QRS complex shows the electrical activity of the ventricles as they contract, while the P wave relates to atrial depolarization, which occurs before ventricular contraction.
D) Passage of electrical impulse through the atrium causing atrial depolarization:
The P wave represents the passage of the electrical impulse through the atria, leading to atrial depolarization. Depolarization of the atria results in the contraction of the atria, pushing blood into the ventricles. The P wave is the first part of the cardiac cycle on the EKG and reflects the electrical activity that causes atrial contraction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Jaundice:
Carbidopa-levodopa works by increasing dopamine levels in the brain to help alleviate symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but it is not typically associated with liver dysfunction that would lead to jaundice. If jaundice were to occur, it could indicate liver problems, which would need to be evaluated further, but this is not a typical side effect of Sinemet.
B) Hyperglycemia:
Sinemet primarily affects dopamine levels in the brain and does not have a direct impact on blood sugar regulation. However, long-term use of certain medications, especially corticosteroids or other specific treatments, can affect glucose levels, but carbidopa-levodopa is not typically linked to hyperglycemia.
C) Hypertension:
Carbidopa-levodopa may lead to fluctuations in blood pressure, including lowering blood pressure, especially when the patient is changing positions. However, hypertension is not a typical response to this medication. Instead, patients may experience orthostatic hypotension, which is more common with carbidopa-levodopa.
D) Orthostatic hypotension:
Orthostatic hypotension is a well-recognized and common side effect of carbidopa-levodopa. This occurs because Sinemet affects the autonomic nervous system, which can cause a decrease in blood pressure when moving from a sitting or lying position to standing. Patients on carbidopa-levodopa should be advised to rise slowly to minimize the risk of dizziness or fainting due to orthostatic hypotension.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Synchronized cardioversion: Synchronized cardioversion is indicated for unstable supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), especially when the client shows signs of hemodynamic instability, such as hypotension, altered mental status, or chest pain. This intervention delivers a timed shock to restore normal rhythm, prioritizing the client's immediate stabilization.
B. Adenosine infusion over 30 minutes: Adenosine is typically administered as a rapid intravenous push to terminate SVT by temporarily blocking atrioventricular nodal conduction. However, this client is unstable, and synchronized cardioversion is the preferred intervention in cases of hemodynamic compromise.
C. Immediate defibrillation: Defibrillation is used for life-threatening arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. In this case, the rhythm is SVT, and the client is not in cardiac arrest, so defibrillation is inappropriate.
D. Vagal maneuvers: Vagal maneuvers, such as carotid sinus massage or the Valsalva maneuver, are first-line interventions for stable SVT. However, in unstable clients with severe symptoms or hemodynamic compromise, these measures are insufficient, and synchronized cardioversion is urgently required.
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