The patient's respirations dropped from 14 breaths/minute to 8 breaths/minute after receiving a large dose of morphine. Which term accurately describes the patient's reaction to the morphine?

Toxic

Allergic

Idiosyncratic

Therapeutic

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Respiratory depression from high morphine doses signals toxicity; opioids suppress the brainstem’s respiratory center, exceeding safe therapeutic levels at this extent.

Choice B reason: Allergic reactions involve immunity (e.g., rash, anaphylaxis); slowed breathing isn’t allergic, but a dose-dependent opioid effect on respiration.

Choice C reason: Idiosyncratic means unexpected (e.g., paradoxical excitement); respiratory depression is a predictable morphine overdose sign, not an unusual reaction.

Choice D reason: Therapeutic effects relieve pain; 8 breaths/minute is dangerously low, beyond intended analgesia, indicating a harmful, not beneficial, outcome.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Promising instant relief is misleading; most drugs take time, and false expectations may erode trust, reducing cooperation in a toddler’s care.

Choice B reason: Calling it candy is unethical; it risks future candy confusion with drugs, potentially leading to accidental ingestion, unsafe for a 3-year-old.

Choice C reason: Confident explanation suits a toddler’s understanding; it builds trust, reduces fear, and ensures cooperation by clearly stating purpose and process age-appropriately.

Choice D reason: Firm insistence may scare a toddler; without explanation, it lacks reassurance, potentially increasing resistance and distress during medication administration.

A. The patient is unable to exercise due to severe osteoarthritis in both hips. B. The patient follows a low-carbohydrate, low-protein, high-fat diet. C. The patient has a history of hypertension and diabetic kidney disease. D. The patient has a 35 pack-year history of cigarette smoking.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Osteoarthritis limits mobility; it doesn’t affect kidney function directly, so nephrotoxic drug clearance remains unchanged, not warranting a dose reduction.

Choice B reason: Diet impacts metabolism slightly; low protein may spare kidneys, but it doesn’t indicate impaired clearance requiring adjustment of nephrotoxic medication.

Choice C reason: Diabetic kidney disease with hypertension impairs filtration; reduced glomerular rate necessitates lower nephrotoxic doses to prevent further renal damage.

Choice D reason: Smoking affects lungs primarily; while it may indirectly harm kidneys, it’s less definitive than diabetic nephropathy for needing a reduced dose.

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The patient's respirations dropped from 14 breaths/minute to 8 breaths/minute after receiving a large dose of morphine. Which term accurately describes the patient's reaction to the morphine?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A hospitalized 3-year-old toddler is to receive an oral medication. For the most effective approach, the nurse should tell the child:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is to administer a nephrotoxic medication to the patient. Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that the patient should receive a reduced dosage of the drug?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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