The physician gives orders to infuse 1 unit (250 mL) of packed red blood cells over 4 hours. Calculate the flow rate in milliliters per hour.

Choice A reason: Right patient ensures identity verification; errors here cause harm via misadministration, as drugs affect individuals differently based on physiology and condition.

Choice B reason: Right drug prevents wrong medication errors; each drug’s pharmacokinetics targets specific issues, and mistakes disrupt therapy or cause adverse reactions.

Choice C reason: Color isn’t a standard right; it’s not a reliable identifier, as formulations vary, and clinical safety relies on name, dose, and route, not appearance.

Choice D reason: Right route ensures correct delivery (e.g., IV vs. oral); wrong routes alter bioavailability and onset, risking toxicity or inefficacy per drug design.

Choice E reason: Right time optimizes efficacy; timing aligns with drug half-life and patient needs, preventing under- or overdosing from improper administration schedules.

Choice A reason: Herbal remedies lack FDA safety data; in pregnancy, untested substances risk fetal harm (e.g., teratogenicity), making this a critical caution.

Choice B reason: Claiming safety is false; many herbs (e.g., St. John’s Wort) affect pregnancy adversely, and without evidence, this misleads the patient dangerously.

Choice C reason: Consistency isn’t required; herbal products vary widely in potency, and this false assurance ignores regulatory gaps in supplement standardization.

Choice D reason: Labels help, but warnings are inconsistent; this shifts responsibility without addressing the lack of proven safety, a more pressing prenatal concern.