The physician has ordered replacement fluids for a client who has a fluid volume deficit with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis. The nurse would expect the use of which type of fluids initially upon admission?

Isotonic

Hypotonic

Hypertonic

Colloid

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Isotonic: Isotonic fluids have a similar osmolarity to extracellular fluid and are often used for volume replacement in clients with fluid volume deficits, such as those with gastroenteritis. Isotonic fluids help to expand intravascular volume without causing significant shifts in fluid and electrolyte balance.

B. Hypotonic: Hypotonic fluids have a lower osmolarity than extracellular fluid and are typically used to rehydrate cells in cases of cellular dehydration. While hypotonic fluids can replenish intracellular volume, they are not typically used as initial replacement fluids for clients with fluid volume deficits, especially if there is risk of exacerbating extracellular fluid deficit.

C. Hypertonic: Hypertonic fluids have a higher osmolarity than extracellular fluid and are often used to expand intravascular volume in specific situations, such as severe hyponatremia or hypovolemic shock. However, they are not typically used as initial replacement fluids for clients with gastroenteritis and fluid volume deficits.

D. Colloid: Colloids are solutions containing large molecules, such as albumin or starches, which remain within the vascular space and exert oncotic pressure to draw fluid into the intravascular compartment. While colloids may be used in some cases of severe volume deficit, they are not typically used as initial replacement fluids for clients with gastroenteritis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

In this scenario, the lack of documentation regarding the explanation of the benefits and risks of the procedure in the client's medical record could be interpreted as a failure to follow the standard of care. Option C is the most appropriate choice for the grounds on which the family might sue:

C. Failure to follow the standard of care:

Healthcare providers are expected to adhere to a standard of care, which includes adequately informing patients or their legal guardians about the benefits, risks, and alternatives of medical procedures. Failure to document informed consent discussions and obtain signed consent forms may be considered a breach of the standard of care. Without proper documentation, it becomes challenging to prove that the healthcare providers fulfilled their duty to obtain informed consent and adequately inform the patient or legal guardian about the procedure's risks and benefits. The absence of documentation may suggest negligence or a lack of thoroughness in the healthcare provider's practice, which could serve as grounds for a lawsuit.

A. Battery:

Battery refers to the intentional and unauthorized touching of another person, which includes performing a medical procedure without obtaining informed consent. While the lack of documentation may suggest a failure to obtain proper consent, it does not necessarily imply intentional wrongdoing or a deliberate act of touching without consent (battery).

B. Injury:

While the client may have experienced an injury if complications arose from the procedure, the focus of the scenario is on the absence of documentation regarding informed consent rather than the occurrence of an injury itself. The grounds for a lawsuit are related to the failure to follow the standard of care in obtaining informed consent rather than the presence of an injury.

D. Slander:

Slander involves making false and damaging statements about someone that harm their reputation. The lack of documentation regarding informed consent does not relate to slander, as it does not involve making false statements but rather the failure to document discussions and obtain consent properly.

A. "How often do you punish him by giving him a time-out or by using physical discipline?" B. "Physical punishment is not the best way to modify a child's behavior." C. "It isn't unusual for him to fondle his genitals, as this is part of his exploration of his body." D. "Constantly touching the genitals indicates a urinary tract infection in a toddler." E. "Give him a little time, and he'll grow out of it. He's just too young to understand right now."

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. "How often do you punish him by giving him a time-out or by using physical discipline?": This response focuses on the mother's disciplinary methods rather than addressing the child's behavior directly. It may come across as judgmental or critical of the mother's parenting approach and does not provide helpful guidance or support.

B. "Physical punishment is not the best way to modify a child's behavior.": This response is appropriate because it addresses the mother's concern about punishment for the child's behavior. It educates the mother about the ineffectiveness and potential harm of physical punishment in modifying behavior. Instead, positive reinforcement, redirection, and open communication are recommended strategies for guiding children's behavior.

C. "It isn't unusual for him to fondle his genitals, as this is part of his exploration of his body.": This response normalizes the child's behavior of touching and playing with his genitals as part of natural childhood development. It reassures the mother that such behavior is common and not necessarily indicative of abnormality or misconduct. Education about normal childhood sexual development can alleviate parental concerns and promote understanding and acceptance.

D. "Constantly touching the genitals indicates a urinary tract infection in a toddler.": This response is incorrect and may unnecessarily alarm the mother. While frequent touching of the genitals could indicate discomfort or irritation associated with a urinary tract infection in a toddler, it is not the case for a 7-year-old child. Additionally, it is essential to avoid making medical diagnoses without proper assessment by a healthcare professional.

E. "Give him a little time, and he'll grow out of it. He's just too young to understand right now." This response acknowledges the child's developmental stage and suggests that the behavior is likely temporary and will naturally resolve as the child matures. It reassures the mother that the behavior is typical for a child of this age and may not require immediate intervention.

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The physician has ordered replacement fluids for a client who has a fluid volume deficit with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis. The nurse would expect the use of which type of fluids initially upon admission?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The mother of a 7-year-old child is concerned that the child "touches and plays" with the genitals despite being punished for doing so. Which response should the nurse make to the mother? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

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