The physician suspects a client has a dermatological infection. Which of the following diagnostics will be ordered to observe color changes to the skin using an ultraviolet light source?

Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because full vision loss in one eye does not necessarily mean that the person is legally blind. Legal blindness depends on the visual acuity and visual field of both eyes.

Choice B Reason: This is correct because legal blindness is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as having a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye with the best possible correction, such as glasses or contact lenses. This means that the person can see at 20 feet what a normal person can see at 200 feet.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because inability to see clearly from 200 feet away without corrective lenses may indicate nearsightedness or myopia, but not legal blindness. Nearsightedness can be corrected with lenses or surgery.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because bilateral visual impairment of 20/60 or greater does not meet the criteria for legal blindness. Visual impairment is defined by WHO as having a visual acuity of less than 20/60 but better than 20/200 in the better eye with the best possible correction.

Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because observing the client swallowing small sips of water before assisting with feeding may not reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Water is a thin liquid that can easily enter the lungs if the client has impaired swallowing or cough reflexes. The nurse should assess the client's need for thickened liquids or pureed foods and use a swallow screening tool to determine the appropriate consistency and amount of food and fluids.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because turning on the television for the client during meals may increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Television can distract the client from focusing on chewing and swallowing and cause them to eat too fast or too much. The nurse should provide a quiet and calm environment for the client during meals and encourage them to eat slowly and carefully.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because instructing the client to tilt their head back while swallowing may increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Tilting the head back can open the airway and allow food or fluids to enter the lungs. The nurse should instruct the client to tilt their head forward or tuck their chin while swallowing, which can close the airway and prevent aspiration.

Choice D Reason: This is correct because sitting the client upright 90 degrees then assisting the client with feeding can reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Sitting upright can help gravity move food and fluids down the esophagus and away from the lungs. The nurse should also keep the client upright for at least 30 minutes after eating and drinking to prevent regurgitation and aspiration.