The Practical Nurse (PN) is reinforcing information with a patient who has been diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) about the antiretroviral medication regimen.
Which patient statement should the PN recognize as requiring an additional review of the information?
The medications can decrease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related complications.
HIV infection is not cured by the antiretroviral regimen.
The viral load can be decreased to an undetectable level.
Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Antiretroviral medications can indeed decrease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related complications. These medications work by blocking the replication of the HIV virus, thereby reducing the viral load in the body. This allows the immune system to recover and fight off infections and diseases that are associated with AIDS12.
Choice B rationale
This statement is correct. While antiretroviral medications are highly effective in managing HIV infection, they do not cure the disease. The primary goal of antiretroviral therapy is to reduce the viral load to undetectable levels, but this does not mean the virus is completely eliminated from the body. HIV remains in latent reservoirs within the body, and if antiretroviral therapy is stopped, the virus can rebound.
Choice C rationale
Antiretroviral medications can decrease the viral load to an undetectable level. This means that the amount of HIV in the blood is so low that it cannot be detected by standard blood tests. Achieving an undetectable viral load is a key goal of antiretroviral therapy as it indicates that the treatment is working effectively.
Choice D rationale
While antiretroviral medications significantly reduce the risk of transmitting the virus, they do not completely prevent it. Having an undetectable viral load greatly reduces the risk of transmission, but it does not eliminate it. Therefore, other preventive measures, such as using condoms and practicing safe sex, should still be followed.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Involuntary movements of the lips and tongue are typically associated with antipsychotic medications, not nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ketorolac15. Therefore, observing the client for these symptoms would not be a relevant intervention for a client taking ketorolac15.
Choice B rationale
Administering the medication at least 30 minutes before meals is not a specific requirement for ketorolac15. Therefore, this would not be a necessary intervention for a client taking this medication15.
Choice C rationale
Ketorolac, like other NSAIDs, can increase the risk of bleeding15. This can manifest as areas of ecchymosis (bruising) or other signs of bleeding on the skin15. Therefore, assessing the skin daily for these signs would be an important intervention for a client taking ketorolac15.
Choice D rationale
Peak and trough serum levels are typically monitored for medications with a narrow therapeutic index, such as certain antibiotics15. Ketorolac does not typically require
monitoring of serum levels15. Therefore, ensuring peak and trough serum levels are collected would not be a necessary intervention for a client taking this medication15.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Headaches are a common side effect of many medications and do not necessarily indicate a serious problem. However, if the headache is severe or persistent, it should be reported to the healthcare provider.
Choice B rationale
Difficulty sleeping is not typically associated with propranolol. While it can occur, it is not a common side effect and is not usually a cause for concern.
Choice C rationale
Palpitations, or a feeling of a fast, fluttering, or pounding heart, can be a sign of an irregular heartbeat, which can be a serious side effect of propranolol. This is because propranolol is a beta-blocker, a type of drug that can slow heart rate and reduce the force of heart contractions. Therefore, if a patient reports palpitations, the healthcare provider should be notified before the next dose of propranolol is given.
Choice D rationale
Nausea is a common side effect of many medications, including propranolol. However, it is usually mild and temporary. If the nausea is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms such as vomiting, the healthcare provider should be notified.
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