The Practical Nurse (PN) is reinforcing information with a patient who has been diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) about the antiretroviral medication regimen.

Which patient statement should the PN recognize as requiring an additional review of the information?

The medications can decrease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related complications.

HIV infection is not cured by the antiretroviral regimen.

The viral load can be decreased to an undetectable level.

Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses the virus, which strengthens the immune system. This significantly reduces the risk of developing opportunistic infections and other serious complications associated with advanced AIDS.

Choice B rationale: Current medical science does not have a cure for HIV. Antiretroviral medications manage the chronic condition by preventing the virus from replicating, but they do not eliminate it completely.

Choice C rationale: The primary goal of ART is to reduce the plasma HIV RNA to undetectable levels. This prevents further immune system damage and reduces the risk of drug resistance developing.

Choice D rationale: While an undetectable viral load significantly reduces the risk, the medication itself does not provide a 100% guarantee against transmission. Patients must still practice safe behaviors to protect others.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Metronidazole is an antibiotic used to treat various infections. Seizure activity is a serious side effect of metronidazole and should be reported to the charge nurse immediately.

Choice B rationale

While headache is a common side effect of metronidazole, it is not as serious as seizure activity and does not necessarily need to be reported to the charge nurse unless it is severe or persistent.

Choice C rationale

A metallic taste in the mouth is a common side effect of metronidazole. It is not a serious side effect and does not need to be reported to the charge nurse.

Choice D rationale

Abdominal cramping can be a side effect of metronidazole. However, it is not as serious as seizure activity and does not necessarily need to be reported to the charge nurse unless it is severe or persistent.

A. Observe the client for development of involuntary movements of the lips and tongue. B. Administer the medication at least 30 minutes before the client’s meals. C. Assess the skin daily for areas of ecchymosis or other signs of bleeding. D. Ensure peak and trough serum levels are collected with the third dose of medication.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Involuntary movements of the lips and tongue are typically associated with antipsychotic medications, not nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ketorolac15. Therefore, observing the client for these symptoms would not be a relevant intervention for a client taking ketorolac15.

Choice B rationale

Administering the medication at least 30 minutes before meals is not a specific requirement for ketorolac15. Therefore, this would not be a necessary intervention for a client taking this medication15.

Choice C rationale

Ketorolac, like other NSAIDs, can increase the risk of bleeding15. This can manifest as areas of ecchymosis (bruising) or other signs of bleeding on the skin15. Therefore, assessing the skin daily for these signs would be an important intervention for a client taking ketorolac15.

Choice D rationale

Peak and trough serum levels are typically monitored for medications with a narrow therapeutic index, such as certain antibiotics15. Ketorolac does not typically require

monitoring of serum levels15. Therefore, ensuring peak and trough serum levels are collected would not be a necessary intervention for a client taking this medication15.

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The Practical Nurse (PN) is reinforcing information with a patient who has been diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) about the antiretroviral medication regimen. Which patient statement should the PN recognize as requiring an additional review of the information?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client who is scheduled for colorectal surgery is receiving metronidazole intravenously preoperatively. Which problem should the practical nurse report to the charge nurse?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Choice B rationale

Choice C rationale

Choice D rationale

The practical nurse (PN) is helping with the care plan for a client who is taking the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketorolac for painful back muscle spasms. What intervention should the PN include in the client’s care plan?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Choice B rationale

Choice C rationale

Choice D rationale

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The Practical Nurse (PN) is reinforcing information with a patient who has been diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) about the antiretroviral medication regimen.

Which patient statement should the PN recognize as requiring an additional review of the information?