The substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli is:
Effusion
Bicarbonate
Exudate
Surfactant
The Correct Answer is D
A. Effusion refers to the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, not a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli.
B. Bicarbonate is an important component in the buffering system of the blood, but it does not reduce surface tension in the lungs.
C. Exudate is fluid that leaks out of blood vessels due to inflammation or injury, often seen in conditions like pneumonia or pleuritis, but it does not affect surface tension in the alveoli.
D. Surfactant is a lipid-protein mixture produced by type II alveolar cells in the lungs. It reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing the lungs from collapsing and making it easier to breathe.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Bicarbonate is a buffer in the blood that helps maintain pH balance, but it is not a gas and does not directly regulate breathing.
B. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the primary regulator of respiration. Elevated CO₂ levels in the blood lower pH (making it more acidic), which stimulates chemoreceptors to increase the rate and depth of breathing to expel more CO₂ and restore balance.
C. Nitrogen makes up the majority of the air we breathe, but it is inert and plays no active role in regulating respiration.
D. Oxygen does influence breathing, especially at very low levels, but it is not the primary driver. In healthy individuals, CO₂ levels are the main factor controlling respiratory rate.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The septum refers to the nasal septum, which divides the nasal cavity into two nostrils. It is not part of the pharynx.
B. The oropharynx is located below the nasopharynx and serves as a passage for both air and food. It is not the most superior portion of the pharynx.
C. The nasopharynx is the most superior portion of the pharynx, located behind the nasal cavity and above the soft palate. It is primarily involved in the passage of air from the nasal cavity to the rest of the respiratory system.
D. The laryngeal pharynx (or hypopharynx) is the portion of the pharynx below the oropharynx, just above the larynx, and it
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