Peripheral chemoreceptors that regulate breathing are located in the:
Carotid artery and aorta
Cerebellum and pons
Coronary sinus and alveoli
Brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava
The Correct Answer is A
A. Carotid artery and aorta contain the carotid bodies and aortic bodies, which are peripheral chemoreceptors. These structures detect changes in blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels, sending signals to the respiratory centers to adjust breathing accordingly.
B. The cerebellum and pons are parts of the brain involved in motor control and respiratory rhythm, respectively, but do not contain peripheral chemoreceptors.
C. The coronary sinus and alveoli are not involved in detecting chemical changes in the blood for breathing regulation. The coronary sinus drains blood from the heart muscle, and the alveoli are sites of gas exchange, not chemoreception.
D. The brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava are large veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart but do not house chemoreceptors involved in respiratory regulation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hypoxemia specifically refers to low levels of oxygen in the arterial blood, which can lead to tissue hypoxia if not corrected. It is often detected through arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis or pulse oximetry.
B. Excess oxygen in the blood is rare and may occur with supplemental oxygen therapy, but it is not the definition of hypoxemia.
C. Excess oxygen in the tissues is not a standard clinical term and does not relate to the condition known as hypoxemia.
D. Excess carbon dioxide in the blood is called hypercapnia, not hypoxemia.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The internal exchange of gases occurs at the tissue level, where oxygen is delivered to cells and carbon dioxide is removed. The diaphragm is not involved in this process.
B. Exhalation involves the relaxation of the diaphragm, which causes the lungs to compress and air to be expelled from the lungs.
C. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity, which allows the lungs to expand and air to flow in.
D. The external exchange of gases occurs in the lungs, where oxygen is transferred into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed, but it is not directly linked to diaphragm contraction.
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