Peripheral chemoreceptors that regulate breathing are located in the:
Carotid artery and aorta
Cerebellum and pons
Coronary sinus and alveoli
Brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava
The Correct Answer is A
A. Carotid artery and aorta contain the carotid bodies and aortic bodies, which are peripheral chemoreceptors. These structures detect changes in blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels, sending signals to the respiratory centers to adjust breathing accordingly.
B. The cerebellum and pons are parts of the brain involved in motor control and respiratory rhythm, respectively, but do not contain peripheral chemoreceptors.
C. The coronary sinus and alveoli are not involved in detecting chemical changes in the blood for breathing regulation. The coronary sinus drains blood from the heart muscle, and the alveoli are sites of gas exchange, not chemoreception.
D. The brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava are large veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart but do not house chemoreceptors involved in respiratory regulation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Bronchodilators are medications specifically designed to relax the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe by increasing airflow. They are commonly used in conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
B. Doxycycline is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. It has no direct effect on airway muscles or airflow.
C. ACE inhibitors are used primarily to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. They do not act on the airways and are not used to improve airflow.
D. Anti-androgen therapy is used to reduce levels of male hormones, typically in the treatment of prostate cancer or hormone-sensitive conditions. It has no role in bronchodilation or respiratory therapy.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The external exchange of gases refers to the process of oxygen diffusing from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide diffusing from the blood into the alveoli in the lungs. This occurs during pulmonary ventilation.
B. Pulmonary ventilation involves the movement of air in and out of the lungs (breathing), not the exchange of gases.
C. The internal exchange of gases refers to the diffusion of oxygen from the blood to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the blood. This happens at the cellular level throughout the body.
D. This answer is incorrect because internal exchange of gases is the correct phase for oxygen to diffuse out of the blood.
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