TJ, a 30-year-old client is admitted in sickle cell crisis with symptoms of dyspnea and leg pain. TJ's significant other asks, "I don't really understand why he is hurting so badly." Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?

"Clumping of abnormal red blood cells blocks the flow of blood through the capillaries."

"Bleeding in the joints occurs because red blood cells are being rapidly destroyed by the bone marrow."

"The pain is due to a disturbance in cellular metabolism."

"The bone marrow is expanding with the sickled cells and that causes pain."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   This response accurately describes the pathophysiology of sickle cell crisis. During a crisis, sickled red blood cells clump together, leading to microvascular occlusion and impaired blood flow to tissues, resulting in pain.
B.   Bleeding in the joints is not a characteristic feature of sickle cell crisis. It may occur in other conditions such as hemophilia or osteoarthritis but not in sickle cell crisis.
C.   Disturbance in cellular metabolism is not the primary mechanism underlying the pain experienced during sickle cell crisis.
D.   Bone marrow expansion with sickled cells may contribute to bone pain in sickle cell disease, but it is not the primary cause of pain during a sickle cell crisis.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E","F"]

Explanation

A. Family history of prostate cancer is a known risk factor, as the disease can be more common in those with a relative who has had prostate cancer.
B. Race is a significant factor; African American men and Caribbean men of African ancestry have a higher incidence of prostate cancer.
C. Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of developing more aggressive forms of prostate cancer.
D. Smoking, while a risk factor for many cancers, is not as strongly linked to prostate cancer as the other factors listed here.
E. Advanced age is a major risk factor since the probability of developing prostate cancer increases significantly after the age of 50.
F. Consuming a large amount of red meat has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.

A. "I will make sure to feel for changes in my underarm area." B. "Since I no longer have periods, I can do the exam at any time of the month." C. "It is important to press my breasts firmly to detect any lumps." D. "I can stand in the shower to perform the examination." E. "I will use my fingertips to check my breasts."

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Feeling for changes in the underarm area is important as breast tissue extends into this region and lumps can form there.
B. Since menopausal women do not have periods, they can perform BSE at any consistent time each month to help remember to do it regularly.
C. Pressing the breasts too firmly could cause discomfort and is not necessary for detecting lumps.
D. Performing BSE in the shower is effective because the soapy water allows the fingers to move smoothly over the skin.
E. Using fingertips is the proper technique for checking breasts, as it allows for more sensitivity in detecting changes in the breast tissue.

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TJ, a 30-year-old client is admitted in sickle cell crisis with symptoms of dyspnea and leg pain. TJ's significant other asks, "I don't really understand why he is hurting so badly." Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is interested in learning about the risk factors for prostate cancer. Which factors does the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E","F"]

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing breast self-examination (BSE) teaching with a client who is menopausal. Which of the following statements by the client indicate an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

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