Two clients have been in a similar motor vehicle accident, and have similar injuries. The nurse observes each client's different responses to this stressor. The nurse understands that the degree of stress each client experiences from the crash may be influenced by their: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Confidentiality refers to the ethical duty of healthcare providers to safeguard patient information and maintain privacy. Upholding confidentiality means that healthcare providers must not disclose sensitive information about a patient to unauthorized individuals without the patient's consent. In this scenario, if the client asks the nurse not to disclose their medical diagnosis to their family members, respecting this request would uphold the principle of confidentiality by protecting the privacy of the patient's health information.
B. Justice in healthcare refers to the fair and equitable distribution of resources and the provision of healthcare services. While justice is an important ethical principle, it is not directly applicable to the client's request regarding the disclosure of their medical diagnosis to their family members.
C. Veracity, also known as truthfulness, is the ethical principle of honesty and truthfulness in communication with patients. Upholding veracity means providing patients with accurate and truthful information about their health condition and treatment options. In this scenario, if the nurse complies with the client's request not to disclose their medical diagnosis to their family members, it may involve withholding information and not fully disclosing the truth to the family members. Therefore, upholding the client's request may conflict with the principle of veracity.
D. A healthcare proxy is a legal document that allows an individual (the proxy) to make healthcare decisions on behalf of another person (the principal) if the principal is unable to make decisions for themselves. The existence of a healthcare proxy does not directly relate to the client's request regarding the disclosure of their medical diagnosis to their family members.

A. It's essential for nurses caring for dying patients to be comfortable with their own feelings about death and dying. Being comfortable with mortality allows nurses to provide compassionate care, support families, and engage in end-of-life discussions with patients. Nurses who are comfortable with their own feelings about death are better equipped to provide holistic care and support to dying patients and their families.
B. Hospice services focus on providing comfort and support to terminally ill patients and their families during the end-of-life journey. While hospice services are often beneficial and recommended for patients approaching the end of life, preferences vary among individuals and families. Some patients may choose to receive hospice care, while others may prefer to remain at home with palliative care support or receive care in a hospital or long-term care facility.
C. While some patients may experience pain as death nears, it is not necessarily true that "most" deaths are accompanied by significant pain. With advances in palliative care and pain management, many patients can experience a comfortable and peaceful death with effective symptom management.
D. Most people are not frightened to die if they have adequate information about what is happening: While adequate information and preparation can alleviate some fears about death, attitudes and responses to death vary widely among individuals. Some people may find comfort and acceptance in understanding the dying process and what to expect, while others may still experience fear, anxiety, or uncertainty regardless of the information provided.