What action should a person with sickle cell anemia take to prevent a sickling crisis?
Take prescribed pain medications
Avoid high altitudes
Eat a high-protein, high-fat diet
Avoid becoming dehydrated
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Taking pain medications manages symptoms of a sickling crisis but does not prevent it. Sickle cell crises occur due to hemoglobin S polymerization, triggered by hypoxia or dehydration, not directly prevented by analgesics, making this choice incorrect for prevention.
Choice B reason: Avoiding high altitudes reduces hypoxia, a trigger for sickling crises, as low oxygen levels promote hemoglobin S polymerization. While helpful, dehydration is a more significant and common trigger, making this choice less critical than avoiding dehydration.
Choice C reason: A high-protein, high-fat diet does not directly prevent sickling crises. Nutritional balance supports overall health, but sickle cell crises are triggered by dehydration, hypoxia, or infection, not dietary composition, making this choice incorrect for crisis prevention.
Choice D reason: Avoiding dehydration is critical in sickle cell anemia, as low fluid levels increase blood viscosity, promoting hemoglobin S polymerization and red cell sickling. This triggers vaso-occlusive crises, so maintaining hydration prevents these events, making this the correct choice.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Heart failure is a consequence of CAD, not a cause. It results from impaired cardiac function, often due to ischemia from CAD, but does not directly contribute to coronary artery plaque formation, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Pneumonia affects the lungs, causing infection and inflammation, not coronary arteries. It may increase cardiac demand, but it does not cause atherosclerosis or CAD, making this choice incorrect for CAD development.
Choice C reason: Low blood pressure does not cause CAD; it may result from cardiac issues. CAD is driven by atherosclerosis from risk factors like diabetes, not hypotension, making this choice incorrect for causing CAD.
Choice D reason: Diabetes causes CAD by promoting atherosclerosis through hyperglycemia, which damages endothelial cells, increases inflammation, and accelerates plaque formation in coronary arteries. This is a major risk factor, making this the correct choice.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Facial trauma may increase aspiration risk if swallowing is impaired, but a 21-year-old typically has a robust immune system, reducing pneumonia risk. The trauma does not directly compromise lung defenses or immune function significantly, making this individual less likely to develop pneumonia compared to an immunocompromised person.
Choice B reason: Osteoarthritis and chronic knee pain in a 72-year-old may limit mobility, slightly increasing pneumonia risk due to reduced lung expansion. However, this condition does not directly impair immune function or lung clearance mechanisms, making it a lower risk compared to immunodeficiency, which severely predisposes to infections.
Choice C reason: Elevated cholesterol in a 48-year-old increases cardiovascular risk but does not directly affect lung function or immune response to infections. Without respiratory or immune compromise, this individual has a lower risk of pneumonia compared to someone with a primary immunodeficiency disorder, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: A 69-year-old with a primary immunodeficiency disorder has a severely compromised immune system, impairing the ability to fight respiratory infections like pneumonia. Age-related lung changes and reduced immune response increase susceptibility to pathogens, making this individual at the highest risk for developing pneumonia, which is why this is correct.
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